• Model SModel X has been parked in, or being driven in, extremely hot or cold temperatures.
• The sensors are affected by other electrical equipment or devices that generate ultrasonic waves.
• You are driving in a location where the sensors' ultrasonic waves are deflected away from the vehicle (such as driving next
to a wall or pillar).
• The object is located too close to the bumper.
• A bumper is misaligned or damaged.
• An object that is mounted to Model SModel X is interfering with and/or obstructing the sensor (such as a bike rack or
bumper sticker).
• Model SModel X rolls freely in the opposite direction you selected (for example, Park Assist does not display an alert if
Model SModel X rolls backwards down a hill while in Drive).
Other Parking Aids
In addition to Park Assist, when shifted into Reverse, the backup camera displays a view of the area behind Model SModel X
(see Rear Facing Camera(s) on page 264).

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Vehicle Hold
When Model SModel X is stopped, Vehicle Hold can continue to apply the brakes even after you remove your foot from the
brake pedal. When driving on a hill or on a flat surface, brake as you normally would. After coming to a complete stop, simply
press the brake pedal again (until the instrument panel displays the Vehicle Hold indicator light) to enable Vehicle Hold. You
can then release the brake pedal and remain stopped, even on a hill.
This indicator displays on the instrument panel whenever Vehicle Hold is actively braking Model SModel X.

To disengage Vehicle Hold, press the accelerator pedal or press and release the brake pedal.
NOTE: Shifting into Neutral also disengages Vehicle Hold.
NOTE: After actively braking Model SModel X for approximately ten minutes, Model SModel X shifts into Park and Vehicle
Hold cancels. Model SModel X also shifts into Park if it detects that the driver has left the vehicle.
NOTE: When Stopping Mode is set to Hold, Vehicle Hold engages automatically whenever Model SModel X stops while in
Drive or Reverse. There is no need to press the brake to engage it.

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Hill Start Assist
Hill Start Assist automatically engages the brakes for approximately one second when on a hill. This prevents Model SModel X
from rolling during the time it takes for you to move your foot from the brake pedal to the accelerator pedal. Hill Start Assist
engages the brakes only if Model SModel X is in Drive and facing uphill, or in Reverse and facing downhill.
WARNING: After approximately one second, Hill Start Assist no longer brakes your vehicle and it could roll. Therefore,
quickly move your foot from the brake pedal to the accelerator pedal. Never rely on Hill Start Assist to prevent
Model SModel X from rolling for more than one second. Failure to do so can result in a collision.

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Acceleration Modes
The acceleration settings available on your Model SModel X vary depending on date of manufacture and options chosen at
time of purchase:
• Chill: limits acceleration for a smooth and gentle ride (available on all vehicles equipped with Autopilot hardware).
• Standard: provides the normal level of acceleration (available on non-Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles and Rear
Wheel Drive Model S vehicles equipped with Autopilot hardware).
• Sport: provides the normal level of acceleration (available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles).
• Insane: increases peak torque by approximately 30 percent (available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles not
equipped with the Ludicrous upgrade).
• Ludicrous: increases peak torque by approximately 60 percent (available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles
equipped with the Ludicrous upgrade).
• Insane+: increases peak torque by approximately 30 percent (available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles not
equipped with the Ludicrous upgrade) while also heating up the Battery to its ideal operating temperature to ensure access
to 100% of available power. Before choosing this setting, read about Using Insane+ or Ludicrous+ on page 254.
• Ludicrous+: increases peak torque by approximately 60 percent (available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles
equipped with the Ludicrous upgrade) while also immediately heating up the Battery to its ideal operating temperature to
ensure access to 100% of available power. Before choosing this setting, read about Using Insane+ or Ludicrous+ on page
254.
NOTE: Although Chill does not directly improve driving range, using the increased torque and power available in Insane or
Ludicrous mode can reduce range and efficiency.
NOTE: When Chill is selected, Chill displays on the instrument panel above the driving speed.
In addition, a Performance All-Wheel Drive Model SModel X also features Launch Mode to provide optimum acceleration on
surfaces with good traction. For the specific driving instructions required to use Launch Mode, see Launch Mode on page
255.
To choose an acceleration mode, touch Controls > Driving > Acceleration.
Using Insane+ or Ludicrous+
If you choose Insane or Ludicrous, additional power is available immediately. However, to achieve the absolute maximum
power (designed for short term use), you can choose Insane+ or Ludicrous+ to heat the Battery to its ideal operating
temperature. This ensure access to 100% of available power.
While the battery is being heated, the touchscreen displays a status message providing you with an approximate wait time,
and letting you know when the additional power is available. In addition to heating the Battery, Insane+ and Ludicrous+ modes
strive to keep the Battery within an optimal temperature range. Therefore, under aggressive driving scenarios, you may also
see the “Cooling” status for several minutes until temperatures fall. Model SModel X stays in the chosen mode for three hours,
even if you leave the vehicle. After three hours, the feature times out.
NOTE: Insane+ and Ludicrous+ are designed to achieve maximum performance for short term acceleration. These settings are
not intended for daily driving. The tradeoff for the additional power boost is extra energy consumption and earlier power fade
on long drives. The Insane or Ludicrous acceleration settings provide a significant increase in performance even without
choosing the Insane+ or Ludicrous+ setting to achieve maximum Battery power. In fact, in normal driving situations, the
additional power that can be achieved using Insane+ and Ludicrous+ may be unnoticeable.
NOTE: To support Insane+ or Ludicrous+, the charge level must be 20% or higher. You cannot initiate these settings if the
charge level is less than 20%. In addition, these settings immediately cancel if at any time during use, the charge level drops
below 20%.
When using Insane+ or Ludicrous+, Model SModel X consumes more energy to keep the Battery within an optimal
temperature range.
To cancel Insane+ or Ludicrous+ at any time, change the acceleration level to another setting. To prevent excess and
potentially unnecessary energy consumption (for example, you leave the vehicle and forget to cancel Insane+ or Ludicrous+),
these settings cancel automatically in three hours, regardless of whether you are still driving or have left the vehicle.

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NOTE: Insane+ or Ludicrous+ strives to keep the Battery within an optimal temperature range. In addition to heating the
Battery, these settings also cool the battery when necessary (for example, while driving at high speeds, during rapid
acceleration, driving for long periods, etc.).
Launch Mode
Launch Mode, available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles only, provides optimum acceleration on surfaces with good
traction.
NOTE: Hard acceleration including, but not limited to, using launch mode, increases stress on the vehicle’s powertrain, and can
cause premature wear and aging of various components. Model SModel X constantly monitors powertrain fatigue and
damage, and notifies you if vehicle components need to be serviced.
WARNING: Use Launch Mode only in appropriate locations where there is no cross traffic or pedestrians present. Launch
Mode is designed for use on closed circuit driving courses. It is the driver’s responsibility to ensure that driving style
and acceleration do not endanger or inconvenience other road users.
To Activate Launch Mode

1. Ensure the brakes are slightly warm by driving for a few minutes and using the brakes a few times.
2. Set the air suspension to Low (see Air Suspension on page 385Air Suspension on page 387Air Suspension on page 389).
3. Set the air suspension to Low or Very Low (see Air Suspension on page 385Air Suspension on page 387Air Suspension on
page 389).
4. Set the acceleration level to Insane+ or Ludicrous+ (if equipped).
NOTE: If equipped with the Ludicrous+ setting, you can achieve optimum performance by pressing and holding this setting
for three seconds.
5. With Model SModel X shifted into Drive and at a complete stop with the steering wheel straight, firmly hold the brake pedal
with your left foot, then fully press the accelerator pedal. Within one second, the instrument panel displays a message
indicating that Launch Mode is enabled.
NOTE: Launch mode further lowers the front suspension, significantly reducing ground clearance.
6. Within twelve seconds of Launch Mode being enabled, release the brake pedal to launch the vehicle.
When you release the brake, Model SModel X launches forward.
NOTE: Launch Mode is not available if Traction Control has been disabledSlip Start has been enabled (which allows the wheels
to spin). See Traction Control on page 237.
NOTE: Launch Mode is available only if the ambient temperature is 37° F (3° C) or warmer.

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Acceleration Modes
Touch Controls > Pedals & Steering > Acceleration to choose a preferred acceleration mode:
• Chill limits acceleration for a slightly smoother and gentler ride.
NOTE: When Chill is selected, Chill displays on the instrument panel, above the driving speed.
• Sport provides the normal level of acceleration.
• Insane (called Plaid on performance vehicles) (if equipped) provides access to the maximum level of acceleration
immediately available.
NOTE: Using the increased torque and power available in Insane or Plaid mode can reduce range and efficiency.
NOTE: Insane or Plaid strives to keep the Battery within an optimal temperature range. In addition to heating the Battery,
these settings also cool the battery when necessary (for example, while driving at high speeds, during rapid acceleration,
driving for long periods, etc.).
In addition, Model SModel X features Drag Strip Mode. Using Drag Strip Mode to precondition your Model SModel X is useful
before a short distance race.
Drag Strip Mode
Drag Strip Mode preconditions the Battery and drive unit to ideal operating temperatures for timed acceleration.
Model SModel X stays in Drag Strip Mode for three hours, even if you leave the vehicle. After three hours, the feature times
out to prevent unnecessary energy consumption (for example, you leave the vehicle and forget to cancel Drag Strip Mode).
When using Drag Strip Mode, Model SModel X consumes more energy to keep the Battery within an optimal temperature
range.
Cancel Drag Strip Mode at any time by toggling Drag Strip Mode off.
NOTE: Drag Strip Mode automatically disables Slip Start when enabled.
WARNING: Drag Strip Mode is designed for use on closed circuit driving courses only. It is the driver’s responsibility to
ensure that driving style and acceleration do not endanger or inconvenience other road users.
How to Launch the Vehicle

The touchscreen provides visual instructions on how to launch:
1. Touch Controls > Pedals & Steering > Drag Strip Mode.
2. Wait for the instrument panel to indicate that the vehicle is Peak Performance Ready.
3. With Model SModel X shifted into Drive and at a complete stop, firmly hold the brake pedal with your left foot, then fully
press the accelerator pedal.
4. Once step 3 is complete, the front suspension begins lowering into a "cheetah stance".
NOTE: Suspension lowering for "cheetah stance" significantly reduces ground clearance.
5. Wait for the instrument panel to indicate that Drag Strip Mode is Ready to Launch.
6. Once you see "Cheetah Stance Enabled" and "Ready to launch" on the instrument panel, release the brake pedal to launch
the vehicle.

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Track Mode
Track Mode, available only on Plaid Model SModel X vehicles, is designed to modify the stability control, traction control,
regenerative braking, and cooling systems to increase performance and handling while driving on closed circuit courses. Track
Mode improves cornering ability by intelligently using the motors, and regenerative and traditional braking systems. When
enabled, the cooling system runs at an increased level during and after aggressive driving sessions to allow your vehicle’s
systems to withstand the surplus heat.
In Track Mode, adaptive suspension damping is optimized for handling and vehicle body control to promote driver confidence
in dynamic maneuvers. Ride height is automatically set to Low and the suspension no longer automatically raises for comfort
over rough surfaces.
WARNING: Track Mode is designed for use on closed circuit driving courses only. It is the driver’s responsibility to drive
safely and ensure others are not endangered.
WARNING: Track Mode is designed for use by experienced track drivers familiar with the course. Do not use on public
roads. It is the driver’s responsibility to be in control of the vehicle at all times, including on the track. Because vehicle
behavior (including traction and stability control) differs when using Track Mode, always use caution.
Using Track Mode
Track Mode is always disabled when you start Model SModel X. To enable Track Mode for your current drive, shift into Park
and follow these steps:
1. Touch Controls > Pedals & Steering > Track Mode.
When enabled, TRACK displays on the instrument panel above the driving speed, and a Track Mode popup appears on the
map. The instrument panel displays a color-coded image of your Model SModel X that provides you with important at-aglance status information about the Battery, the motors, and the brakes. See Monitoring Vehicle Health on page 258.
2. If desired, customize the Track Mode settings by touching Track Mode Settings on the Track Mode popup (see
Customizing Track Mode on page 258). You can also access the Track Mode settings by touching Pedals & Steering >
Driving, then touching Customize next to the Track Mode setting.
3. To use the Lap Timer, follow the onscreen instructions to drop a pin on the map to define the lap's start/finish location.
Then press START on the Lap Timer to begin your driving session. Once started, the Lap Timer starts counting when you
drive Model SModel X past the lap's start/finish location where you dropped the pin. See Using the Lap Timer on page 258.
4. Shift into gear and GO!
If you started the Lap Timer, each time you pass the start/finish location, the timer resets for the next lap. See Using the
Lap Timer on page 258.
A real-time accelerometer (G-meter) appears on the instrument panel. See G-Meter on page 259.
When Track Mode is on:
◦ Autopilot features are unavailable.
◦ The Slip Start setting is overridden.
◦ Energy usage increases.
◦ Entertainment features are unavailable.
Use the touchscreen setting to turn Track Mode off at any time. Powering off Model SModel X also turns off Track Mode
(although it may still appear on the touchscreen if Post-Drive cooling is in progress). When Track Mode is off, all settings
return to their previous state and all features return to their normal operating state.

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Customizing Track Mode
To customize Track Mode, touch Track Mode Settings on the Track Mode popup that appears on the map when you enable
Track Mode. You can also access the Track Mode settings by touching Controls > Pedals & Steering, then touching Customize
next to the Track Mode setting. Choose an existing Track Mode setting from the list of pre-defined profiles provided by Tesla.
Or create a new settings profile by touching Add New Settings, entering a name for the settings profile, then adjusting these
settings to suit your preferences or driving scenario, or customize for a specific track:
• Handling Balance - Drag the slider to customize the balance of Model SModel X in a turn. If Model SModel X is too loose,
you can choose a front-biased under-steering setup. Difficult to get the vehicle through a turn? Try a rear-biased setup to
increase rotation. You can select any value, in 5% increments, between 100/0 (for 100% front biased used for understeering) and 0/100 (for 100% rear biased used for over-steering).
• Stability Assist - Drag the slider to choose the level at which the stability control systems assist in controlling the vehicle.
You can choose any level from -10 to +10. Choosing +10 engages all stability assist systems for controllable driving in
which stability systems remain engaged, whereas -10 disables all stability systems and the stability of the drive rests solely
on the driver. The default setting of 0 represents a balance which provides some stability being automatically controlled
and leaving some control up to the driver.
• Regenerative Braking - Drag the slider to choose how much regenerative braking is available. You can choose any value, in
5% increments, between 0 and 100%. Tesla recommends the 100% setting to prevent overheating the brakes.
• Post-Drive Cooling - Enable if you want the cooling systems to continue cooling the vehicle's components even after you
leave the vehicle. Cooling stops automatically when the components are sufficiently cool, or when you power
Model SModel X off and back on again. Post-Drive Cooling is useful if you want to quickly cool the components between
driving sessions. If Post-Drive Cooling is set to OFF, the components eventually cool, but it takes longer.
• Brake Temperatures - Enable to display temperature warnings associated with the braking system. You may want to disable
warnings if you have installed an aftermarket high performance braking system.
• Save Dashcam for Laps - Enable if you want to save a video and data on a USB flash drive when using the Lap Timer. A USB
flash drive must be set up and inserted as described (see USB Drive Requirements for Recording Videos on page 88). The
USB flash drive must contain a folder named TeslaTrackMode. When enabled, Track Mode stores a video and associated
data for each lap. Track Mode also stores the car status and telemetry data with details about the vehicle's position, speed,
acceleration, use of accelerator, etc. You can then view the video recordings and analyze this data, which is saved as
a .CSV file on the USB flash drive, to determine where time is being lost or gained.
Track Mode allows you to save up to 20 settings profiles. To delete a chosen profile, touch Delete at the bottom of the settings
screen.
NOTE: You can not change or delete a pre-defined profile provided by Tesla.
Using the Lap Timer
When you enable Track Mode, the map displays a Lap Timer. Follow the onscreen instructions to place a start/finish pin on the
map. Once the pins are placed, press START to initiate the driving (lapping) session. When you drive Model SModel X through
the start/finish location, the Lap Timer automatically starts timing the duration of the lap, resetting the timer whenever you
pass the start/finish location, and displaying the real-time delta between the current lap and the fastest lap so far in the driving
session. The map highlights the track in blue.
At the completion of each lap, the Lap Timer displays the duration of the lap. It also displays the times associated with the
previous and best laps in the driving session.
If Save Dashcam for Laps is enabled (see Customizing Track Mode on page 258), and a properly formatted USB flash drive is
inserted, Track Mode saves a video of the driving session (as recorded by the front cameras), along with a .CSV file that
provides detailed information about the lap.
NOTE: To stop the timer at the end of your driving session, touch STOP on the Lap Timer.
Monitoring Vehicle Health
You can easily monitor the health of Model SModel X when using Track Mode by glancing at the instrument panel. The colors
indicate the status of the various components, allowing you to determine the current operating state and make decisions
accordingly. The components are displayed in green when operating within their ideal temperature range. Colors change as
follows:

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• The Battery displays blue when cold and red when hot.
• A brake displays blue when cold and orange when hot (an early warning for overheating brakes, which are shown in red).
• A motor displays blue when it's cold or red when it's hot.
NOTE: A component displayed in red may indicate a need to stop driving and allow the component to cool.
CAUTION: Any vehicle damage or injuries caused by using Track Mode is the driver's responsibility. The vehicle warranty
does not cover damage caused by excessive overuse of vehicle components. It also does not cover racing, autocross, or
driving in competition.
G-Meter
In Track Mode, a real-time G-Meter displays on the instrument panel. The G-Meter graphically displays peak lateral,
acceleration, and deceleration values in the form of a circular meter. The history of your drive is represented in the shaded
area. The G-Meter resets at the start of each driving session.

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Trip Information
Displaying Trip Information
Trip information displays on the touchscreen when you touch Controls > Trips. For the current trip, you can display distance,
duration and average energy usage. You can also show distance and total and average energy used since your last charge and
for additional trips.
To name or rename a trip, touch the trip's name, enter a new name for the trip, then press Save. To reset a particular trip meter,
touch its associated Reset button.
You can display information for up to three trips on the instrument panel. Use the checkboxes to specify the trip(s) you want to
display. Then use the scroll bar on the steering wheel to display the chosen trip(s) (see Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons on
page 188 or Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 189).
Odometer
To display the odometer, touch Controls > Software or open the mobile app. The odometer is also displayed on the instrument
panel.

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Getting Maximum Range
Factors Affecting Energy Consumption
While driving:
• Elevated driving speed.
• Environmental conditions such as cold or hot weather and wind.
• Using climate controls to heat or cool the cabin.
• Uphill travel: Driving uphill requires more energy and depletes range at a faster rate. However, driving downhill allows your
vehicle to regain a portion of its expended energy through regenerative braking (see Regenerative Braking on page 233).
• Short trips or stop-and-go traffic: It takes energy to bring the cabin and Battery to a specified temperature when starting
the vehicle. You may see a higher average consumption when the vehicle is used for very short trips or in heavy traffic.
• Heavy cargo load.
• Windows rolled down.
• Wheels and tires not maintained.
• Customized settings or third-party accessories (roof or trunk racks, third-party wheels).
While parked and not plugged in to a charger:
• Preconditioning the cabin or using climate controls.
• Summon.
• Vehicle infotainment and climate controls system.
• Sentry mode.
• Tesla or third-party mobile app requests.
Tips to Maximize Range
You can maximize your driving range using the same driving habits you use to conserve fuel in a gasoline-powered vehicle. To
achieve maximum range:
• Slow down your driving and avoid frequent and rapid acceleration. Consider using Chill Mode (touch Controls > Pedals &
Steering > Acceleration) and Speed Assist (see Speed Assist on page 344) to assist in controlling your acceleration and
speed.
• If safe to do so, modulate the accelerator pedal instead of using the brake pedal when gradually slowing down. Whenever
Model SModel X is moving and you are not pressing the accelerator pedal, regenerative braking slows down the vehicle
and feeds surplus energy back to the Battery (see Regenerative Braking on page 233).
• Limit the use of resources such as heating and air conditioning. Using seat and steering wheelsteering yoke heaters (if
equipped) to keep warm is more efficient than heating the cabin using climate controls.
• With your vehicle plugged in, use the mobile app to precondition your vehicle to ensure the cabin is at a comfortable
temperature and windows are defrosted (if needed) before your drive by touching Climate > On and customizing your
preferences (see Mobile App on page 406).
• Touch Schedule, available on both the charging and climate control screens, to set a time when you want your vehicle to be
ready to drive (see Scheduled Charging and Scheduled Departure on page 425).
• Set Stopping Mode to Hold to gain the benefit of regenerative braking at low driving speeds.
• Ensure the wheels are aligned to specification, the tires are kept at the recommended inflation pressures (see Tire Care and
Maintenance on page 431), and are rotated when needed (see Maintenance Schedule on page 429).
• Lighten your load by removing any unnecessary cargo.
• Fully raise all windows.
• Turn on Range Mode (see Range Mode on page 262).
• Features such as Sentry Mode and Cabin Overheat Protection can impact range. Disable features when not needed.

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• To prevent an excessive amount of energy consumption while the vehicle is idle, keep the vehicle plugged in when not in
use.
• Minimize the use of DC chargers (such as Superchargers) for optimal Battery health.
It is normal for estimated range to decrease slightly over the first few months before leveling off. Over time, you may see a
gradual, but natural, decrease in range at full charge – this depends on factors such as Supercharging regularly or the mileage
and age of the Battery. Your Model SModel X will inform you in the unlikely event a hardware issue is causing excessive
Battery or range degradation.
The power meter on the instrument panel provides feedback on energy usage.
You can also display the Energy app to view real-time and projected energy usage (see Energy App on page 262). With this
feedback, you can become familiar with how driving habits and environmental conditions impact how much energy
Model SModel X is using.
Range Assurance
The driving range displayed in Model SModel X is based on estimated remaining battery energy and EPA-rated consumption.
It does not account for your personal driving patterns or external conditions. The displayed range on the instrument panel may
decrease faster than the actual distance driven. To view estimated range based on your recent energy consumption, open the
Energy app to display the graph.
Model SModel X helps protect you against running out of energy. Your vehicle continuously monitors its energy level and
proximity to known charging locations.
Touch Chargers in the Navigation search bar to toggle between types of chargers, including Superchargers and
destination charging sites.

When you are at risk of driving beyond the range of known charging locations, the touchscreen displays a message giving you
the opportunity to display a list of charging locations that are within range. When you select a charging location from the list,
Model SModel X provides navigation instructions and the turn-by-turn direction list displays the predicted amount of energy
that will remain when you arrive at the charging destination.
Trip Planner routes you through Supercharger locations to minimize the amount of time you spend charging and driving. To
enable, touch Controls > Navigation > Trip Planner (see Trip Planner on page 373).
Energy App
The Energy app provides a visual representation of your vehicle's real-time and projected energy usage. To use the Energy
app, navigate to Application Launcher > Energy on the touchscreen. Choose from two types of charts:
• Consumption: Display how much energy Model SModel X has consumed over the past 5, 15 or 30 miles (10, 25 or 50 km).
Touch Instant Range or Average Range to adjust the projected range estimation. Instant Range uses only the latest few data
points to estimate the projected range, whereas Average Range uses the past 5, 15 or 30 miles (10, 25 or 50 km) of energy
consumption to provide a more accurate projected range.
• Trip: You can monitor the amount of energy being used while navigating to a destination. You can track actual usage
against the initial prediction. The green line represents the actual usage whereas the gray line represents predicted usage.
To change the zoom level, touch the zoom icon located in the top right corner of the chart.
NOTE: The Trip chart displays energy usage only if you are currently navigating to a destination.
Range Mode
Range Mode conserves energy by limiting the power of the climate control system and turns off the signature lights. Turn
Range Mode on by touching Controls > Driving > Range Mode.When turned on in an All-Wheel Drive vehicle, Range Mode also
optimizes torque distribution between the motors to maximize range.

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Saving Energy
Model SModel X has an energy-saving feature that reduces the amount of energy being consumed when Model SModel X is
not in use. On newer vehicles, this feature is automated to provide an optimal level of energy saving. However, on older
vehicles, you can touch Controls > Display > Energy Saving and choose from the following options:
• OFF - Model SModel X automatically shifts to the energy-saving mode only at night (10 pm to 5 am). Idle energy
consumption may increase.
• ON - Significantly less energy is consumed whenever Model SModel X is not in use. The start-up time of the instrument
panel and Bluetooth could be slower.
• Always Connected - Preserves cellular connectivity when energy saving is active. This allows the mobile app to connect to
Model SModel X quicker, and provides immediate internet access when entering the car. Slightly more energy is
consumed.

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Rear Facing Camera(s)
Camera Location
Model SModel X is equipped with a rear view camera located above the rear license plate.

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Whenever you shift into Reverse, the touchscreen displays the view from the camera. Lines show your driving path based on
the position of the steering wheelsteering yoke. These lines adjust as you move the steering wheelsteering yoke.
Model SModel X also displays images from the side cameras. Simply swipe up or down to hide or show the side camera views.
NOTE: You may need to expand the camera window to see the images from the side cameras.
NOTE: Visual feedback from the parking sensors also appear on the instrument panel (see Park Assist on page 245).
NOTE: Depending on date of manufacture and options selected at time of purchase, some Model S vehicles are not equipped
with parking sensors.
To display the view from the rear view cameras at any time, open the app launcher and touch the Camera app.

WARNING: Never depend on the cameracameras to inform you if the area behind you is free of objects and/or people.
The cameracameras may not detect objects or barriers that can potentially cause damage or injury. In addition, several
external factors can reduce the performance of the cameracameras, including a dirty or obstructed lens. Therefore,
depending on the cameracameras to determine if Model SModel X is approaching an obstruction can result in damage
to the vehicle and/or objects and can potentially cause serious injury. Always inspect the area with your own eyes. When
reversing, perform shoulder checks and use all mirrors. Use the cameracameras for guidance purposes only. It is not
intended to replace your own direct visual checks and is not a substitute for careful driving.
Cleaning a Camera

To ensure a clear picture, the camera lens must be clean and free of obstructions. Remove any build-up of dirt or debris by
spraying water onto the camera lens with a spray bottle or pressure washer.

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CAUTION: Do not attempt to remove dirt or debris by wiping an exposed lens with your hands or a cloth. This debris can
damage the surface of the lens when rubbed against it during wiping.
CAUTION: Do not use chemical-based or abrasive cleaners. Doing so can damage the surface of the lens.

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Pedestrian Warning System
The Pedestrian Warning System causes Model SModel X to emit sound when driving below 19 mph (32 km/h) or while driving
in reverse. Electric vehicles operate quietly and this sound helps to alert pedestrians of your oncoming vehicle. The sound,
which activates whenever Model SModel X is shifted out of Park, gets louder as speed increases.
NOTE: The Pedestrian Warning System is not available in vehicles manufactured prior to September 1, 2020.
WARNING: If sound cannot be heard, pedestrians may not be aware of your oncoming vehicle, which may increase the
likelihood of a collision resulting in serious injury or death. If the Pedestrian Warning System is not operating,
immediately contact Tesla.

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Active Spoiler
Model X has a rear spoiler designed to improve aerodynamics. If Model X is equipped with the active spoiler, the position of
the spoiler can vary depending on the status and speed of Model X:
• When Model X is in Reverse or when driving speed is below 10 mph (16 km/h), the spoiler provides maximum visibility
behind Model X.
• When driving speed exceeds 45 mph (72 km/h), the spoiler lowers to the position that provides the most effective
aerodynamics.
• When Model X is powered off and locked, the spoiler retracts.
To allow the spoiler to automatically move as described above, touch Controls > Service > Spoiler Mode > Automatic. To
disable automatic movement of the spoiler and keep it in its extended position, choose the Extended setting.
NOTE: If the spoiler can not automatically lower or raise, the instrument panel displays an alert. Contact Tesla Service.

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Towing and Accessories
The towing package allows you to tow a trailer with your Model X. It also allows you to carry skis, snowboards, bicycles, etc.
by attaching an accessory carrier to the hitch.
Carrying Accessories
The Model X towing package has a 2" hitch receiver that can support an accessory carrier.
The hitch receiver is designed to support vertical loads of up to 120 lbs (54 kg). When carrying bicycles or other items on the
Model X hitch, always check to ensure that the maximum weight is not exceeded. When calculating weight, remember to
include the weight of the accessory carrier. For example, assuming the carrier weighs 40 lbs, the weight threshold is sufficient
for carrying two bicycles weighing approximately 40 lbs each, or four bicycles weighing approximately 20 lbs each.
CAUTION: The Model X hitch is designed to support up to 120 lbs (54 kg). Exceeding this maximum weight can cause
significant damage.
CAUTION: Do not attempt to install a carrier on a Model X that is not equipped with the towing package. Doing so can
cause significant damage.
To install and use an accessory carrier, the tow hitch must be connected (see Connecting the Tow Hitch on page 276). Then
follow the instructions provided with your accessory carrier. Observe all regulations and legal requirements in your state/
region that apply to carrying accessories.
The Model X towing package includes the wiring necessary for using an accessory carrier equipped with lights (see Electrical
Connections on page 281). The package also includes Trailer Mode software (see Trailer Mode on page 272).
When you connect an accessory carrier's wiring harness, Model X detects a connection for trailer lights and this
indicator illuminates on the instrument panel. Trailer Mode is disabled.

When carrying accessories, periodically confirm that the accessory carrier and its cargo remain secure at all times, and if
applicable, that the lights on the accessory carrier are working.
NOTE: Go to www.tesla.com to purchase accessories for your Model X. Although third-party products are available, Tesla
recommends and supports only Tesla-approved products (see Parts and Accessories on page 465). The accessory products
available for your Model X vary based on market region. Before attempting to install a non-Tesla carrier, review the product
information to ensure compatibility.
NOTE: When not in use, the hitch receiver should be removed and stored in a dry location to prevent rust and corrosion. Keep
the dust cover over the hitch housing to prevent dirt and debris from entering (see Disconnecting the Tow Hitch on page 280).
CAUTION: A carrier may obscure your view from the rear view mirror, the rear camera(s), and/or the rear ultrasonic
sensors. In addition, some Autopilot features may not function as expected.
WARNING: Tesla assumes no responsibility for damage or injuries resulting from installing and using an accessory
carrier, for any omissions in the instructions accompanying an accessory carrier, or for your failure to follow the
instructions. Damage caused by using an accessory carrier is not covered by the warranty.

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Towing Capacity
The total trailer weight (including all cargo and additional equipment), and the trailer tongue weight, must never exceed the
following:
Tires
245/45R19 110 V / Y
275/45R20 110 V / Y

285/35R22 106 W

Maximum Towing Capacity*

Maximum Tongue Weight**

SAE Class III – 4960 lb (2250 kg)

SAE Class III – 500 lb (225 kg)

SAE Class III – 5000 lb (2300 kg)

SAE Class II - 3500 lb (1588 kg)

SAE Class III – 500 lb (230 kg)

SAE Class II – 350 lb (158 kg)

*Tesla recommends a separate braking system on trailers with a loaded weight of over 1000 lbs (450 kg). The braking system
must be appropriate for the weight of the trailer. Follow the instructions provided by the trailer brake manufacturer to ensure
that trailer brakes are properly installed, adjusted, and maintained.
**The tongue weight is the downward force that the weight of the trailer exerts on the hitch. It must not be less than 10% of
the trailer load. Carrying a significant amount of equipment, passengers, or cargo in the tow vehicle can reduce the tongue
weight it can handle, which also reduces the maximum towing capacity. Maximum towing capacity is calculated assuming the
GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) is not exceeded. The GVWR is printed on the Vehicle Certification Label (see Vehicle
Certification Label on page 474).
NOTE: If the towing capacity on the hitch label conflicts with the information provided in this owner's manual, this owner's
manual takes precedence.
WARNING: Do not overload the vehicle or trailer. Doing so can cause poor performance, vehicle damage and loss of
vehicle control, resulting in serious injury.
WARNING: Do not use the trailer hitch to tow/transport Model X.
CAUTION: Tesla assumes no responsibility for damage or injuries resulting from towing a trailer, for any errors or
omissions in the instructions accompanying towing equipment, or for your failure to follow the proper instructions.
Damage caused by towing a trailer is not covered by the warranty.

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