27
35
44
53
62
71
80
89
97
106
115
124
133
142
150
159
168
177
186
195
204
212
221

10
20
31
41
51
61
71
82
92
102
112
122
133
143
153
163
173
184
194
204
214
224
235
245
255

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

230
239
248
257
266
274
283
292
301
310
319
327
336
345
354
363
372
381
389
398
407
416
425
434
443

265
275
286
296
306
316
326
337
347
357
367
377
387
398
408
418
428
438
449
459
469
479
489
500
510

General
Information

To calculate: Nm x 8·85 = lb·in • Nm x 10.20 = kg·cm

N·cm-to-lb·in (in·lb), kg·cm
To calculate: N·cm x 0.089 = lb·in • N·cm x 0.102 = kg·cm
N·cm

lb·in
(in·lb)

kg·cm

N·cm

lb·in
(in·lb)

kg·cm

50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000

22
27
31
35
40
44
49
53
58
62
66
71
75
80
84
89

25
31
36
41
46
51
56
61
66
71
76
82
87
92
97
102

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3

kg·cm-to-lb·in (in·lb), N·cm
To calculate: kg·cm x 0.868 = lb·in • kg·cm x 9.81 = N·cm
kg·cm

lb·in
(in·lb)

N·cm

kg·cm

lb·in
(in·lb)

N·cm

5
6
7
8
9
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

4
5
6
7
8
9
17
26
35
43
52
61
69
78
87

49
59
69
78
88
98
196
294
392
490
588
686
785
883
981

110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250

95
104
113
122
130
139
148
156
165
174
182
191
200
208
217

1079
1177
1275
1373
1471
1569
1667
1765
1863
1961
2059
2157
2256
2354
2452

Warnings and Cautions
WARNINGS
• Some repairs may be beyond your capability. If you lack the skills,
tools and equipment, or a suitable workplace for any procedure
described in this manual, we suggest you leave such repairs to an
authorized dealer service department or other qualified shop.
• Do not reuse any fasteners that have become worn or deformed
during normal use. Many fasteners are designed to be used only
once and become unreliable and may fail when used a second
time. This includes, but is not limited to, nuts, bolts, washers, selflocking nuts or bolts, circlips and cotter pins. Always replace these
fasteners with new parts.
• Never work under a lifted car unless it is solidly supported on
stands designed for the purpose. Do not support a car on cinder
blocks, hollow tiles or other props that may crumble under
continuous load. Never work under a car that is supported solely
by a jack. Never work under the car while the engine is running.
• If you are going to work under a car on the ground, make sure
the ground is level. Block the wheels to keep the car from rolling.
Disconnect the battery negative (-) terminal (ground strap) to
prevent others from starting the car while you are under it.
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• Remove rings, bracelets and other jewelry so they cannot cause
electrical shorts, get caught in running machinery, or be crushed by
heavy parts.
• Tie back long hair. Do not wear a necktie, a scarf, loose clothing,
or a necklace when you work near machine tools or running
engines. If your hair, clothing, or jewelry were to get caught in the
machinery, severe injury could result.
• Do not attempt to work on your car if you do not feel well. You
increase the danger of injury to yourself and others if you are tired,
upset, or have taken medication or any other substance that may
keep you from being fully alert.
• Illuminate your work area adequately but safely. Use a portable
safety light for working inside or under the car. Make sure the bulb
is enclosed by a wire cage. The hot filament of an accidentally
broken bulb can ignite spilled fuel, vapors or oil.
• Use a suitable container to catch draining fuel, oil, or brake
fluid. Do not use food or beverage containers that might mislead
someone into drinking from them. Store flammable fluids away
from fire hazards. Wipe up spills at once, but do not store oily rags
which can ignite and burn spontaneously.
• Always observe good workshop practices. Wear goggles when you
operate machine tools or work with battery acid. Wear gloves or
other protective clothing whenever the job requires working with
harmful substances.
• Greases, lubricants and other automotive chemicals contain toxic
substances, many of which are absorbed directly through the skin.
Read the manufacturer’s instructions and warnings carefully. Use
hand and eye protection. Avoid direct skin contact
• Disconnect the battery negative (-) terminal (ground strap)
whenever you work on the fuel or electrical system. Do not smoke
or work near heaters or other fire hazards. Keep an approved fire
extinguisher handy.
• Friction materials (such as brake pads or shoes or clutch discs)
contain asbestos fibers or other friction materials. Do not create
dust by grinding, sanding, or cleaning with compressed air. Avoid
breathing dust. Breathing any friction material dust can lead to
serious diseases and may result in death.
(WARNINGS cont’d on next page)

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5

General
Information

• Never run the engine unless the work area is well ventilated.
Carbon monoxide kills.

WARNINGS (cont’d)
• Batteries give off explosive hydrogen gas during charging. Keep
sparks, lighted matches and open flame away from the top of the
battery. If hydrogen gas escaping from the cap vents is ignited, it
ignites the gas trapped in the cells and causes the battery
to explode.
• Connect and disconnect battery cables, jumper cables or a battery
charger only with the ignition off. Do not disconnect the battery
while the engine is running.
• Do not quick-charge the battery (for boost starting) for longer than
one minute. Wait at least one minute before boosting the battery a
second time.
• Do not allow battery charging voltage to exceed 16.5 volts. If
the battery begins producing gas or boiling violently, reduce the
charging rate. Boosting a sulfated battery at a high charging rate
can cause an explosion.
• The A/C system is filled with chemical refrigerant, which is
hazardous. The A/C system should be serviced only by trained
technicians using approved refrigerant recovery/recycling
equipment, trained in related safety precautions, and familiar with
regulations governing the discharging and disposal of automotive
chemical refrigerants.
• Do not expose any part of the A/C system to high temperatures
such as open flame. Excessive heat increases system pressure
and may cause the system to burst.
• Some aerosol tire inflators are highly flammable. Be extremely
cautious when repairing a tire that may have been inflated using an
aerosol tire inflator. Keep sparks, open flame or other sources of
ignition away from the tire repair area. Inflate and deflate the tire at
least four times before breaking the bead from the rim. Completely
remove the tire from the rim before attempting
any repair.
• Some cars are equipped with a Supplemental Restraint System
(SRS) that automatically deploys airbags and pyrotechnic seat
belt tensioners in the event of a frontal or side impact. These
are explosive devices. Handled improperly or without adequate
safeguards, they can be accidentally activated and cause serious
injury.
• The ignition system produces high voltages that can be fatal.
Avoid contact with exposed terminals and use extreme care when
working on a car with the engine running or the ignition on.
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General
Information

• Place jack stands only at locations specified by manufacturer.
The vehicle lifting jack supplied with the vehicle is intended for tire
changes only. Use a heavy duty floor jack to lift the vehicle before
installing jack stands.
• Battery acid (electrolyte) can cause severe burns. Flush contact
area with water, seek medical attention.
• Aerosol cleaners and solvents may contain hazardous or deadly
vapors and are highly flammable. Use only in a well ventilated
area. Do not use on hot surfaces (such as engines or brakes).
• Do not remove coolant reservoir or radiator cap with the engine
hot. Burns and engine damage may occur.

CAUTIONS
• If you lack the skills, tools and equipment, or a suitable workshop
for any procedure described in this manual, we suggest you leave
such repairs to an authorized dealer or other
qualified shop.
• Before starting a job, make certain that you have all the necessary
tools and parts on hand. Read all the instructions thoroughly
and do not attempt shortcuts. Use tools appropriate to the work
and use only replacement parts meeting original specifications.
Makeshift tools, parts and procedures will not make good repairs.
• Use pneumatic and electric tools only to loosen threaded parts and
fasteners. Never use these tools to tighten fasteners, especially on
light alloy parts. Always use a torque wrench to tighten fasteners to
the tightening torque specification listed.
• Be mindful of the environment and ecology. Before you drain the
crankcase, find out the proper way to dispose of the oil. Do not
pour oil onto the ground, down a drain, or into a stream, pond or
lake. Dispose of in accordance with Federal, State and
Local laws.
• The control module for the Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) cannot
withstand temperatures from a paint-drying booth or a heat
lamp in excess of 95­°C (203­°F) and should not be subjected to
temperatures exceeding 85­°C (185­°F) for more than two hours.
• Before doing any electrical welding on cars equipped with ABS,
disconnect the battery negative (-) terminal (ground strap) and the
ABS control module connector.
• Always make sure the ignition is off before disconnecting battery.
(CAUTIONS cont’d on next page)

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7

CAUTIONS (cont’d)
• Label battery cables before disconnecting. On some models,
battery cables are not color coded.
• Disconnecting the battery may erase fault code(s) stored in control
module memory. Check for fault codes prior to disconnecting the
battery cables.
• If a normal or rapid charger is used to charge the battery,
disconnect the battery and remove it from the vehicle to avoid
damaging paint and upholstery.
• Do not quick-charge the battery (for boost starting) for longer than
one minute. Wait at least one minute before boosting the battery a
second time.
• Connect and disconnect a battery charger only with the battery
charger switched off.
• Sealed or “maintenance free” batteries should be slow-charged
only, at an amperage rate that is approximately 10% of the
battery’s ampere-hour (Ah) rating.
• Do not allow battery charging voltage to exceed 16.5 volts. If
the battery begins producing gas or boiling violently, reduce the
charging rate. Boosting a sulfated battery at a high charging rate
can cause an explosion.

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VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION

Vehicle
Identification

Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) Location

The VIN (Æ) is on the left side of the vehicle in the area of
the windshield wiper mount. It is visible from the outside.

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