After a preliminary review of consumer complaints and other information related to alleged defects, NHTSA obtains information from the manufacturer(including data on complaints, crashes, injuries, warranty claims, modifications, and part sales) and determines whether further analysis is warranted. If warranted, the investigator will conduct a more detailed and complete analysis of the character and scope of the alleged defect.
NHTSA Action Number: AQ15003
Date Opened: 2015-08-18
Date Closed: 2016-08-23
Manufacturer’s Name: BMW
of North America, LLC
Component Description: EQUIPMENT:OTHER:LABELS
Summary Description: International Autos, Inc. / Mini Recall
Summary
The Safety Act requires, among other things, that a manufacturer notify its dealers of defects related to motor vehicle safety and non-compliances with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and, in turn, that a dealer not sell and deliver a new vehicle subject to a recall unless the recall remedy has been performed (49 U.S.C. ?? 30112(a), 30120(i)).NHTSA opened AQ15-003 to determine whether International Autos, Inc. of West Allis, Wisconsin complied with the requirements of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, 49 U.S.C. Chapter 301 (Safety Act). NHTSA received information that International Autos sold and delivered at least one new model year (MY) 2015 Mini Cooper 2-door hardtop vehicle to a customer without having had all required safety recall repairs performed on that vehicle. NHTSA opened this investigation and then issued an information request (IR) to International Autos on August 20, 2015.A copy is of this request is in this investigation's file, together with a public copy of International Autos' response.A careful review of the information supplied confirm that International Autos sold and delivered at least eleven new vehicles with outstanding safety recalls on them. Under a Settlement Agreement dated April 26, 2016, International Autos committed to take concrete actions to improve its processes for verifying that prior to sale and delivery of any new vehicle International Autos has confirmed that the vehicle is not subject to an un-remedied recall. International Autos confirmed that it had engaged in these processes since June 25, 2015.International Autos also committed that it now also checks for open recalls on every customer vehicle brought in for service, and that it checks for open recalls on every used trade-in vehicle, regardless of make or model, and takes steps to have all used trade-in vehicles repaired prior to retail sale. International Autos admitted to violating the prohibition on sales of new vehicles with open recalls, and agreed to pay civil penalties in the amount of $40,000.This Audit Query is closed.
NHTSA Action Number: PE15029
Date Opened: 2015-08-18
Date Closed: 2016-06-17
Manufacturer’s Name: Honda (American Honda Motor Co.)
Component Description: AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:SENSOR/CONTROL MODULE-INACTIVE
Recall Campaign: 16V056
Summary Description: SRS Control Module Failure
Summary
As discussed further below, and by letter dated January 22, 2016, Honda is recalling certain model year (MY) 2008 through 2010 Honda Accords to replace a defective air bag/SRS control module that can result in the Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) becoming fully inoperative (disabled).See NHTSA Safety Recall 16V056 at SaferCar.gov for further details.Honda's response to an agency Information Request letter indicated that the SRS module was manufactured by tier-one supplier Continental and contained a power supply ASIC manufactured by tier-two supplier Atmel. The original ASIC was susceptible to a moisture ingress issue due to inadequate ASIC passivation layer.Water ingress could result in moisture reaching the Titanium Nitride (TiN) layer in the ASIC causing corrosion and breakage of electrical circuits.The damaged ASIC then causes failures of the SRS module resulting in 1) incomplete boot-up when power is supplied to the module or 2) the inability of the module to establish either internal or external bus communications.In either case the air bag readiness indicator light on the instrument cluster is illuminated and all air bags and seat belt pretensioners are disabled.During the investigation, ODI obtained the SRS module from a complainant crash vehicle where the air bags did not deploy despite a significant frontal impact.An inspection of the module was performed at a Continental facility.The inspection confirmed that the module had the ASIC fault thus preventing the SRS module from completing the boot-up process.An attempt was made to recover stored EDR data from the module however none was present; this outcome is consistent with an Atmel ASIC failure.A second SRS module alleged to have the ASIC problem was inspected during the same visit.This second module was unable to communicate with the test equipment.The ASIC was replaced on this module and full function was restored to the module confirming the ASIC as the cause of the SRS module fault.According to Honda, tier-two Atmel implemented three different corrective actions in early 2008.Implementation of the corrective actions into module production by tier-one Continental, and into vehicle production by Honda resulted in three distinct vehicle populations.The first population consists of certain non-consecutively built MY 2008 to 2010 Accords with modules that did not contain any of the corrective actions.This population of 341,444 vehicles exhibited a significant level of module failure in service and is thus being recalled.The second population of 382,693 non-consecutively built MY 2008 to 2010 Accords contained two of the three corrective actions.This population exhibited a significantly lower level of SRS module failure, compared to the first population, but a marginally higher level compared to the third population.Honda is conducting a 15 year unlimited mileage extended warranty program for this second population.Under the program Honda will replace the SRS module free of charge for vehicles that experience an SRS module malfunction due to ASIC failure.Owners eligible for the extended warranty will be notified by Honda in writing.The third population consists of vehicles containing all three corrective actions, this population exhibits a normal level of SRS module failure.Based on the safety recall and extended warranty this investigation is closed.The VOQ reports cited above can be reviewed at SaferCar.gov under the following identification numbers: 10871612, 10869953, 10810554, 10788238, 10781994, 10778712, 10765025, 10761583, 10759019, 10758622, 10747850, 10735806, 10734761, 10733519, 10715339, 10703521, 10676517, 1065
NHTSA Action Number: PE15028
Date Opened: 2015-08-10
Date Closed: 2016-01-08
Manufacturer’s Name: Ford Motor Company
Component Description: EXTERIOR LIGHTING
Recall Campaign: 15V861
Summary Description: Loss of headlights
Summary
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened an investigation concerning the loss of headlights in model year (MY) 2003-2005 Ford Crown Victoria and Mercury Grand Marquis vehicles. The subject vehicles share the same architecture and major components.ODI has received 636 unique reports (for all submission dates) related to the alleged defect, with owners describing a loss of both low and/or high beam headlights occurring while driving.ODI identified 4 Vehicle Owner Questionnaire ( VOQ) reports alleging minor crash or loss of control incidents due to headlight failures.Drivers alleged running off of the road due to a lack of headlights and one driver reportedly struck a deer.No injuries were indicated in the VOQ crashes.In response to ODI's Information Request (IR) letter, Ford Motor Company (Ford) responded with 4173 unique reports related to the alleged problem.There were a total of 11 crashes reported within that group as well as one injury that occurred when the vehicle struck an unseen object on the side of the road when the headlights failed. Ford also submitted 49,843 warranty claims related to headlight failures.Most reports indicate that the headlights failed without warning leaving the driver with no forward lighting, however some noted the headlights flickered or dimmed prior to turning off.Consumers also noted they were able to hold the flash to pass lever on the steering column mounted stalk to activate the high beams however this is only effective as long as the lever is physically actuated.On December 21st, 2015 Ford notified ODI that it would conduct a safety recall (15V-861) to remedy headlight failures on (MY) 2003-2005 Ford Crown Victoria and Mercury Grand Marquis vehicles.According to Ford, the headlights of the vehicle are controlled by the Lighting Control Module (LCM) located in the engine compartment of the vehicle.The LCM uses an internal relay, mounted to a circuit board, to control power to the headlights. The headlight relay is soldered to the circuit board at six different terminals. The original equipment LCMs were manufactured in a manner that resulted in the solder joints fatiguing and/or cracking as a result of repeated thermal cycling and/or vibration, a defect condition. The condition could be exacerbated by manufacturing quality issues such as an insufficient amount of solder, effecting the continuity between the circuit board and the relay terminal, and resulting in loss of headlights while driving.Other lighting functions are unaffected by this condition.The LCM manufacturing processes were revised to address the defect condition and Ford has been conducting a warranty extension program to cover defective LCMs since late 2013.Under the recall Ford will replace any remaining defective LCMs in recalled vehicles with remedy LCMs once they become available.See NHTSA recall 15V-861 for further details on the safety recall.The recall action initiated by Ford addresses the safety risks of concern to ODI.Accordingly, the investigation is closed.The ODI reports cited above can be reviewed at SaferCar.gov under the identification (ODI) numbers found in the attached list.
NHTSA Action Number: EQ15005
Date Opened: 2015-07-29
Date Closed: 2016-01-04
Manufacturer’s Name: HARMAN INTERNATIONAL
Component Description: EQUIPMENT:ELECTRICAL
Summary Description: Software security vulnerability
Summary
In a Part 573 safety recall report, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) notified the NHTSA on July 23, 2015, of certain software security vulnerabilities in approximately 1.4 million model year (MY) 2013 through 2015 vehicles equipped with Uconnect Access head units 8.4A (RA3 radio) and 8.4AN (RA4 radio) manufactured by Harman International (Recalls 15V-461 and 15V-508).According to FCA, software security vulnerabilities in the recalled vehicles could allow unauthorized third-party access to, and manipulation of, networked vehicle control systems.Unauthorized manipulation of vehicle control systems could reduce the driver's control of the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash with an attendant increased risk of injury to the driver, other vehicle occupants, and other highway users.On July 29, 2015, the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened Equipment Query, EQ 15-005, to determine the existance, nature and extent of similar security concerns in other head unit (HU) products installed in motor vehicles.On August 12, 2015, the Recall Management Division (RMD) issued an information request (IR) letter to Harman International requesting information pertaining to infotainment HUs provided to other vehicle manufacturers that share, or may share, similar wireless connectivity and to remind Harman of their responsibilities under Federal Law as an equipment manufacturer.Harman International responded and identified all infotainment head units supplied to other vehicle manufacturers with built-in cellular access or short range wireless communication features. The information submitted indicated that Volkswagen Audi AG and Bentley infotainment HUs used similar versions of the same Uconnect operating system.According to Harman, vulnerabilities identified by FCA are not present in the HUs supplied to Audi AG and Bentley given the distinct hardware components and software architectures of these varying infotainment systems.HU products supplied to the Volkswagen group contain software features and protocols unique to the supplied infotainment systems and respective vehicle systems.Additionally, Audi AG provided materials explaining why its infotainment technology provided increased safety and security.According to Audi, mobile online services and WiFi connectivity are located on a separate hardware module and vehicle systems are designed utilizing communication domains that are separated by a gateway.ODI reviewed all information submitted by Harman including supporting documentation for the HUs supplied to Audi AG and Bentley.Security architecture implementations in the head units supplied to other manufacturers are distinguishable from the Uconnect Access HUs provided to FCA.Audi AG and Bentley installed infotainment devices with countermeasures including multilayered security implementations and partitioned communication domains to reduce security vulnerability risks and mitigate or prevent cyber-attacks.Additionally, these other vehicles interacted with vehicle networks outside the infotainment system differently.Based on a thorough review of the technical information supplied in the course of this investigation, there does not appear to be a reason to suspect that the infotainment head units Harman supplied to other vehicle manufacturers contain the vulnerabilities identified by FCA.Accordingly, this investigation is closed.
NHTSA Action Number: RQ15004
Date Opened: 2015-07-24
Date Closed: 2016-01-05
Manufacturer’s Name: Chrysler (FCA US, LLC)
Component Description: ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:SOFTWARE
Recall Campaign: 15V508
Summary Description: Software security vulnerability
Summary
On July 23, 2015, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) launched Safety Recall 15V-461 to remedy security vulnerabilities in approximately 1.4 million model year (MY) 2013 through 2015 vehicles equipped with Uconnect head units (HU) 8.4A (RA3 radio) and 8.4AN (RA4 radio) manufactured by Harman International.On July 24, 2015, the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened Recall Query, RQ 15-004, to investigate HU security vulnerabilities and remedy effectiveness in the recalled population and to determine whether similar units have been supplied for use in other FCA vehicles.In an August 11, 2015 letter, FCA submitted a second Part 573 safety recall report expanding the scope of the Uconnect RA4 model radio to include additional 7,810 MY 2015 Jeep Renegade vehicles manufactured from September 18, 2014 through June 25, 2015 (Recall 15V-508).Scope analysis indicated that Uconnect radios installed in FCA vehicles not included in recalls 15V-461 or 15V-508 (subject recalls) are not equipped with built-in cellular access or short range wireless communication features and, thus, do not contain the security vulnerabilities addressed by the subject recalls. SUBJECT VEHICLES: MY2014 through 2015 Dodge Durango, Jeep Grand Cherokee and Jeep Cherokee sport utility vehicles; MY2013 through 2015 Ram 1500, 2500, 3500 and 4500/5500 pickup trucks; MY2013 through 2015 Dodge Viper vehicles; and MY2015 Chrysler 200, 300, Jeep Renegade, Dodge Charger and Challenger vehicles.According to FCA, long and short range wireless vulnerabilities identified in the recalled vehicles could allow unauthorized third-party access to, and manipulation of, networked vehicle control systems.Successful exploitation of the vulnerabilities, coupled with reverse engineering of networked microprocessor control modules, could result in unauthorized manipulation of vehicle control systems. This unauthorized manipulation of vehicle controls and systems could expose the driver, vehicle occupants or other highway users to an increased risk of injury.FCA and its network provider, Sprint, conducted a nationwide campaign to block access to a radio communications port that was unintentionally left open.On July 27, 2015, short range wireless vulnerabilities were also blocked.Finally, third party security evaluation and regression testing identified vulnerabilities that were either remedied by Sprint or through updates to the FCA Uconnect software.ODI identified a total of 30 complaints or field reports on unique vehicles submitted by FCA (29) or received by NHTSA (1) alleging incidents of theft from a vehicle or anomalous performance that the owner alleged were caused by, or may have been caused by, remote hacking.Twenty-six (87%) of these reports were submitted after a magazine article was published on July 21, 2015, describing the remote hacking of an FCA vehicle by researchers who were able to affect the operation of various vehicle control systems, including the service brakes, steering, throttle and ignition.Most of the complaints involved vehicle systems that were not safety critical (e.g., complaints related to radio, navigation system, or air-conditioning control) and did not affect vehicle control.Three complaints reported engine stalls.One owner reported sudden unintended acceleration allegedly related to hacking.None of the complaints or field reports reviewed involved the steering and braking vehicle control effects demonstrated by the research hackers prior to the recall.There were no confirmed incidents of hacking in any of the records reviewed by ODI.The remedies completed by Sprint and FCA appear to have eliminated vulnerabilities that mi
← Previous 1 … 68 69 70 71 72 … 1,059 Next →
Search NHTSA Database for Recalls
Search NHTSA Database for (TSB’s) Technical Service Bulletins
Technical Service Bulletins TSB’s List
Search NHTSA Database for Vehicle Complaints
- 【HIGH COST-EFFECTIVE SCANNER FOR CAR】The VD70S OBD2 scanner diagnostic tool offers top-tier features and hardware for accurate, fast diagnostics. Enjoy 30X faster wireless WiFi connectivity, bi-directional control, 36+ hot services, OE all system diagnostics with 8-in-nne data graph, ECU coding, and PMI. With advanced functions like V.A.G Guided Function, CAN FD & DoIP, and FCA AutoAuth, this escaner automotriz supports 100,000+ vehicles. The Android 10.0 OS, 2+64GB and a long-lasting 18.25Wh battery make it perfect for professionals and DIY mechanics. Get 3 years of f*ree updates and 15 languages for worldwide use!
- 【WIRELESS WiFi & WIRED DUAL CONNECTION】Compared with traditional BT connection, VD70S car scanner diagnostic tool makes innovative use of the 2025 latest ✔30X faster WiFi wireless connection technology. The VD70S offers both wireless and wired connections, with a diagnostic range of 66ft or further while maintaining a stable connection. Enjoy the freedom to move around during repairs for added convenience and flexibility. ✔NOTE: No extra WiFi needed. Just plug the VCI into the OBD2 port, and the scanner will connect automatically.
- 【4000+ BI-DIRECTIONAL CONTROL】VD70S bidirectional scan tool allows sending commands to the ECU to perform active tests, such as A/C Clutch Test, Fuel Injector Test, window, sunroof test etc. Significantly reduce diagnostic time and boost 5X faster efficiency. It is a must have tool for every auto technicians and mechanics. ✔Note: Active tests available vary across vehicles, please provide VIN for compatibility check.
- 【36+ SERVICES & RESETS, RELEARNS, CALIBRATIONS, ADAPTATIONS, INITIALIZATIONS】VD70S scan tool offers 36+ commonly used maintenance reset functions to meet the needs of every mechanic, including ✔Crank Sensor Relearn, ✔Oil Reset, ✔EPB, ✔SAS, ✔BMS, ✔Throttle, ✔Injector Coding, ✔ABS Bleed, ✔TPMS, ✔ABS Initialization, ✔Fuel Trim Reset, ✔SWS Calibration, ✔Idle Relearn etc. ✔For more advanced hidden functions, please check your diagnostic tool menu: Diagnose>Select Specific System>Special Functions. Note: Functions vary by vehicles. Please check compatibility with VIN & functions via ✔vdiagtool2 @ outlook . c o m before purchase.
- 【OE All SYSTEMS DIAGNOSTICS & 8-IN-ONE GRAPHING】Perform full system diagnostics on your vehicle with the VD70S car scanner to ✔Read ECU Info, ✔Read/Clear Codes, ✔View Freeze-Frame, ✔View Live Data Stream, ✔Export Data as CSV, and ✔Perform 8-In-1 Graphing for a comprehensive view of your car’s performance. ✔Perform Active Tests and Special Functions to keep your vehicle running at peak performance. ✔V2.0 Diagnostic Reports allow you to add logos, customer info, and attachments, providing dealership-level diagnostics and accurate, in-depth reports.
- Your Efficient Solution for Car Maintenance: The 2025 VD70 OBD2 Scanner Diagnostic Tool is designed by a professionals for automotive technicians, workshops, and DIY enthusiasts, ensuring no unnecessary costs are added to the price. It provides OE All Systems Diagnostics, 36+ Reset Functions, Bi-Directional Control, and ECU Coding, etc. With 2+64GB storage, an 18.25Wh battery, and 3 years of free updates, it’s built for both immediate and long-term use, offering dependable support for a wide range of vehicle maintenance tasks.
- Why You Need a OBD2 Scanner with Bidirectional: With the VD70, you get a full bidirectional scan tool capable of performing 4000+ active tests. It can command car modules and receive data from the ECU to test components like EVAP, ABS pumps, windows, and more—all with one tool. This helps you pinpoint faults accurately, saving time and money by reducing trips to the shop and the need for multiple scanners. Whether you're a pro or a DIYer, this diagnostic tool simplifies complex diagnostics. Pro Tip: Send us your VIN before purchase to confirm compatibility.
- 36+ Special Functions & Vehicle-Specific Features: The VD70 OBD2 scanner offers 36+ services, including Oil Reset, EPB, BMS, Throttle Adaptation, Injector Coding, ABS Bleed, Crank Sensor Relearn and TPMS Reset. It also provides vehicle-specific functions include reset, adaptation, initialization, and calibration. These capabilities help you perform comprehensive tasks like system reset with ease. Note: Features vary by vehicle make and model. Please check compatibility with your VIN by contacting us at vdiagtool2 @ outlook . c o m before purchase.
- Advanced ECU Coding & PMI for Specific Brands: This auto diagnostic scanner supports advanced ECU coding for specific european vehicles for VW, for Audi, for Skoda, for Mercedes-Benz, for Mitsubishi. It also enables ecu coding for BMW, for Volkswagen, for Jaguar, and for Land Rover. From coding and component matching to adaptive data resets, this scan tool helps you flash hidden features and match components after repairs or replacements. Note: ECU coding functionality varies by vehicle and module, please check the compatibility before order.
- OE All-System Diagnostics & 8-in-One Data Graphing: With full system diagnostics, the VD70 automotive diagnostic scanner covers essential vehicle systems such as Engine, Transmission, ABS, Airbags, Brake, Chassis, and more. It allows you to read/clear codes, access ECU information, view live data streams. You can export data as CSV, record/playback data, view freeze-frame data, and perform active tests and services-all with one car computer diagnostic tool. This comprehensive analysis helps pinpoint issues quickly, leading to more accurate repairs.
- 【A MUST-HAVE TOOL FOR DIYERS】- VDIAGTOOL VD10 car code reader is an incredibly useful obd scanner for each car owner or hobbyist, even for those with little to no experience when it comes to vehicle mechanics! Using this car diagnostic scanner is extremely easy. All you have to do is attach it to your car OBDII port and you can diagnose car problems in seconds! Read Codes (DTCs); Clear Codes; Live Data; View Freeze Frame; I/M Readiness; Vehicle Information.
- 【KEEP ENGINE IN GOOD STATUS】- VDIAGTOOL check engine code reader brings a fast access to scan, read the car fault code, show its definition on the screen instantly, troubleshooting to find the root causes of problems, erase the engine fault code and turn off the MIL (Malfunction Indicator Light).car code reader
- 【READ/CLEAR CODES & DTC LOOKUP】- No search online & saving your time, this vehicle car code reader retrieves generic (P0, P2, P3, and U0), manufacturer specific (P1, P3, and U1) codes, pending codes and displays DTC definitions based on the built-in database(more than 3000 codes) on the TFT screen, find out the root causes and clear the codes after fixed.
- 【LIVE DATA & RETRIEVE FREEZE FRAME】- This diagnostic scan tool for accurate diagnosis enables you to retrieve data from vehicle sensors, such as Engine RPM, Intake air temperature, Short/Long term fuel, Misfire data and etc. The freeze frame is stored in the PCM together with the diagnostic trouble code (DTC) related to the fault. VD10 car code reader car scanner can be a valuable & practical diagnostic aid and also greatly help when diagnosing intermittent problems.
- 【I/M READINESS for THE S-nn-0-g CHECK】- OBDII vehicle may not pass the annual inspection unless the required monitors since reset are complete. So you should at least read the readiness monitors and make sure they are ready. This car obd2 scanner diagnostic tool is equipped with I/M readiness function to check the operations of the e-m-issi0n system on OBD2 compliant vehicles, run I/M monitor readiness test, checking if the pass vehicle s-m-0-g inspection.
- 【ENHANCED OBDII SCANNER DIAGNOSTIC TOOL】VDIAGTOOL VD30 Pro performs all 10 OBD2 tests: Turn off Check Engine Light(CEL) , Read/Clear Fault Codes , Live Data(4-In-1 Graphing) , Freeze Frame , One-Click I/M Readin_ess(Smo_g Check) , On-Board Monitor Test(Mode 06) , Component Test , O2 Sensor Test , Vehicle Info , Module Present and useful features like , Voltage Test , DTC Lookup , Data Playback & Printing. Get this car code reader today and save your time and costly trip to a dealership!
- 【EASY TO USE】The VDIAGTOOL VD30 Pro obd2 scanner is specifically designed for car owners, providing an intuitive and user-friendly interface that caters to individuals with limited automotive knowledge. It effectively diagnoses the cause of the check engine light, retrieves and clears engine fault codes, deactivates the check engine light (MIL), and resets monitors.
- 【RELIABLE PERFORMANCE LASTS FOR YEARS】The VDIAGTOOL VD30 Pro car code reader and reset tool is meticulously crafted using the latest upgraded chip, and high-quality wear-resistant and drop-resistant materials to withstand the most challenging conditions, offering longevity and reliability in every diagnostic session. Continuously updated to ensure compatibility with the latest vehicle models and technologies, it promises reliable performance for years to come.
- 【ONE-CLICK SMO_G CHECK】 VDIAGTOOL VD30 Pro OBD2 scanner code reader features One-Click I/M Readiness hot key that shows various sensors ready status on a single screen and help you keep the engin_e in good conditions, and get the vehicle ready for the annual smo_g check.
- 【DTC LOOKUP+VOLTAGE TEST+DATA REVIEW, PLAYBACK & PRINTING】VDIAGTOOL VD30 Pro auto scanner comes with 98563+ built-in DTC library that shows brief fault code definitions right on the display. This scanner for car comes with voltage test feature to check real-time battery voltage and no more voltage too low to start the car again. Data Review & Playback and Printing features allow you to review the recorded live data, play it back or print it out to share with your mechanic or customers.
- 【Why VDIAGTOOL VD70 Lite is A Game Changer?】VDIAGTOOL VD70 Lite offers essential car inspection and repair features at a more affordable price(Under $300), including Full Bidirectional Controls, OE Factory Level All Systems Diagnostics, 31+ Hot Services, CAN FD & DoIP, Comprehensive Data Streaming Capabilities (Export as CSV, Recording, Playback, 8-in-One), 3-Year Software Update, etc. Perfect choice for DIYers, Car Owners, Technicians and Mechanics!
This product presentation was made with AAWP plugin.
Last update on 2025-04-26 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API
