approximately 25 mph (40 km/h) or while driving in reverse. Electric vehicles operate quietly and this sound helps to alert
pedestrians of your oncoming vehicle. The sound, which activates whenever CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y is
shifted out of Park, gets louder as speed increases.
(If equipped) The Pedestrian Warning System causes CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y to emit sound when driving
below approximately 32 km/h (19 mph), or while driving in reverse. Electric vehicles operate quietly and this sound helps to
alert pedestrians of your oncoming vehicle. The sound, which activates whenever CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model
Y is shifted out of Park, gets louder as speed increases.
(If equipped) The Pedestrian Warning System causes CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y to emit sound when driving
below approximately 19 mph (32 km/h) or while driving in reverse. Electric vehicles operate quietly and this sound helps to
alert pedestrians of your oncoming vehicle. The sound, which activates whenever CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model
Y is shifted out of Park, gets louder as speed increases.
(If equipped) The Pedestrian Warning System causes CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y to emit sound when driving
below approximately 19 mph (32 km/h) or while driving in reverse. Electric vehicles operate quietly and this sound helps to
alert pedestrians of your oncoming vehicle. The sound, which activates whenever CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model
Y is shifted out of Park, gets louder as speed increases.
For vehicles manufactured prior to approximately November 2021: In situations where you need to turn the sound off (such as
in stop and go highway traffic), touch Controls > Safety > Pedestrian Warning > Pause. The sound is paused for the current
drive only. On your next drive, the sound automatically turns back on. The switch may not be available for vehicles
manufactured after this date.
WARNING: Use the Pause switch to silence the alarm only when absolutely necessary and when there are no other road
users in the surrounding area. You must turn the Pedestrian Warning System back on immediately after the
circumstances that required you to turn it off have passed.
The instrument paneltouchscreen displays this indicator when the Pedestrian Warning System has been paused
and is therefore not active.

NOTE: The Pedestrian Warning System may not be available in vehicles manufactured prior to approximately September 1,
2020.
NOTE: The Pedestrian Warning System may not be available in vehicles manufactured prior to approximately September 1,
2019.
NOTE: The Pedestrian Warning System may not be available in vehicles manufactured prior to approximately September 1,
2020.
WARNING: If sound cannot be heard, pedestrians may not be aware of your oncoming vehicle, which may increase the
likelihood of a collision resulting in serious injury or death. Never rely on the Pedestrian Warning System to make sure
that pedestrians are aware of your vehicle. If the Pedestrian Warning System is not operating, schedule a service
appointment.

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Off-Roading
Off-Road Driving
Off-road driving is driving your vehicle on an unpaved surface such as sand, silt, dirt, or mud, or on rocky or snow-covered
surfaces. When CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y is in Off-Road Mode, you have access to settings and drive
modes that allow you to manage steep ascents, descents, uneven terrain, shallow creeks, and other obstacles you may
encounter.
The Off-Road app provides greater control over traction, stability, acceleration, and braking. Various modes and settings also
allow you to quickly adjust the ride height of CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y (see Suspension on page 1261).
CAUTION: Carefully read all cautions and warnings before driving CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y off road
(see Limitations and Warnings on page 1277). Always pay close attention and monitor the area to the front, rear, and
sides of CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y for obstacles while off-road driving.
CAUTION: Any damage caused by off-road driving is not covered by the warranty.
Off-Road Modes and settings include the following:
• Overland: Maximizes traction on various terrains at low speeds. See Overland on page 1272.
• Baja: Optimizes the suspension and traction control of CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y for high speed driving
on dirt roads or desert environments. See Baja on page 1272.
• Wade Mode: Raises the suspension and pressurizes the high voltage Battery to protect your vehicle from water and debris
while navigating shallow bodies of water. See Wade Mode on page 1273.
• Trail Assist: Allows you to maintain your speed while driving on a trail. See Trail Assist on page 1274.
• Locking Differentials: Engage for more traction while off-roading. See Locking Differentials on page 1274.

Using the Off-Road App
WARNING: Only use Off-Road mode in off-road driving scenarios. Off-Road modes change how
CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y handles, accelerates, and decelerates, and is not appropriate for public
roads.
Use the Off-Road app, located in the app tray, to conveniently customize and monitor your off-road settings.
After carefully reading the pop-up window, touch Confirm.

In the Off-Road app, customize options such as:
• Off-Road Mode: Choose between Overland and Baja and customize your preferences. See Overland on page 1272 and Baja
on page 1272 for more information.
• Locking Differentials: Engage or disengage locking differentials. See Locking Differentials on page 1274.
• Pitch, Roll: These angles determine how capable the vehicle is of climbing over an obstacle or up an incline.
NOTE: If you are approaching a large obstacle or change in incline, you can set the right ride height to Extract by touching
Controls > Ride Height > Extract. When the ride height is set to Extract, CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y has
increased approach, breakover, and departure angles.
• Wade Mode: See Wade Mode on page 1273 for more information.
• Rear Steer: You can set Rear Steer to Off or Auto. Auto allows for a tighter turn radius while driving.
• Light Bar: Enable or disable the light bar, if installed.
• Ride Height: Customize your vehicle's ride height based on terrain and other drive settings. See Suspension on page 1261.
NOTE: CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y must be in Park to change the off-road drive modes and settings.
NOTE: Your off-road settings remain for approximately 15 minutes after you exit the vehicle. Always double check to ensure
your off-road settings are as intended prior to driving.

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Off-Roading
CAUTION: The TPMS warning thresholds may be lowered to accommodate different off-road needs. Do not rely solely
on the TPMS warning indicator when in an Off-Road mode or setting, as these thresholds do not comply with Federal
TPMS standards. It is your responsibility to ensure tires are adequately inflated at all times and are inflated back to
normal levels before regular driving on roads.

Before Off-Road Driving
1. Plan your route: Carefully consult maps and weather reports before beginning an off-road expedition and familiarize
yourself with the different types of terrain you may encounter (gravel, sand, mud, snow, etc.). Research trails before setting
out and be aware that weather and environmental conditions can change quickly and unexpectedly. Ensure your vehicle has
ample range for your planned route.
2. Secure passengers and cargo: Wearing a seat belt is required by law. Ensure that all passengers are wearing their seat belts
properly (see Seat Belts on page 1167). Make sure that loose items in the cabin are stowed or secured, and ensure that the
cargo bed is free of cargo, or that cargo is tightly secured. The tonneau cover can be open or closed while driving off road.
3. Evenly distribute vehicle load: While off-road driving, CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y performs best when the
weight of passengers and cargo is distributed evenly across the front and rear axles (see Vehicle Loading on page 1460).
Detach large or heavily loaded trailers before driving off road.
4. Lower tire pressure: Lower tire pressure to increase traction on softer surfaces such as sand or gravel, and on rocky
surfaces. Reducing tire pressure allows tires to make more contact with the terrain, increasing grip and decreasing the risk
of punctures.
WARNING: Avoid making hard turns and other sudden maneuvers when tires are inflated under the recommended
cold tire pressure. Before driving on public roads again, make sure to fill all tires to the recommended cold tire
pressure (see Tire Pressures on page 1424).
5. Be prepared: Equip your CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y with supplies in case of emergency, such as a spare
tire, a jack, an air compressor, a portable jump starter, and a flashlight.
6. Remove wheel fairings: CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y has pieces of plastic trim that descend in front of the
wheels from the rocker panels on either side of the vehicle. These are the wheel fairings. The wheel fairings increase
aerodynamic performance and range, but may be damaged while driving off-road over rough, uneven surfaces, rocks, or
obstacles. To prevent damage, remove the front wheel fairings before off-road driving. For more information and
instructions for removing the wheel fairings, refer to the Do It Yourself Guide (see Do It Yourself Maintenance on page
845).
7. Remove wheel covers: To prevent damage, remove the wheel covers before driving off-road. For more information, see
Removing and Installing Wheel Covers on page 1431.

While Off-Road Driving
Quickly access off-road settings and vitals from CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y in the vehicle status area on the
touchscreen. You can also keep the Off-Road app open while driving to quickly change settings and preferences based on
your driving situation. See quick stats such as:
• Off-Road Status icons
• Tire Pressures
• Locking Differential status
• Battery and motor temperatures
• Ride Height
NOTE: When the ride height is set to Extract, vehicle speed is limited to 10 mph (16 km/h), and torque may be limited. The
ride height automatically resets to Very High once your driving speed exceeds 10 mph (16 km/h).
If your vehicle is covered in mud after off-roading, rinse the entire exterior of the vehicle with water. It is important to regularly
clean Cybertruck after off-roading because mud and debris can quickly build up and limit some vehicle functions. See
Cleaning Mud on page 784 for more information.
CAUTION: Tesla recommends to fully open the tonneau to accommodate for increased body flex during dynamic offroad driving.

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Off-Roading
Off-Road Modes
Overland
Overland maximizes traction on various terrains at low speeds. By selecting Overland, you can customize the following
settings:
Setting

Options

Description

Surface

All
Purpose

Automatically adjusts tire slip based on the amount of available traction and sets the Preferred Ride Height to
High. All Purpose is best suited for mixed terrain driving.

Sand

Allows for high amounts of tire slip to provide optimal traction on soft, deformable surfaces like sand and sets the
Preferred Ride Height to High.

Gravel/
Deep
Snow

Allows for medium amounts of tire slip to provide optimal traction on gravel or deep snow, and sets the Preferred
Ride Height to High.

Rock

Tightly manages tire slip to maximize grip in rock crawl conditions and sets the Preferred Ride Height to Very
High. When the ride height is Very High, the suspension system pneumatically connects the springs on the front
and rear axles, increasing suspension articulation for maximum traction.

Hold

Applies the brakes automatically when CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y stops, without you having to
put your foot on the brake pedal. Whether stopped on a flat surface or a hill, Vehicle Hold keeps the brake
applied, provided your foot remains off the accelerator and brake pedals.

Stopping
Mode

WARNING: Never rely on Hold to adequately decelerate or fully stop your vehicle. Many factors can
contribute to a longer stopping distance, including downward slopes, and reduced or limited regenerative
braking (see Regenerative Braking on page 1249). Always be prepared to use the brake pedal to
adequately decelerate or stop.
Roll

Allows CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y to roll freely when close to, or at, a complete stop, like a
vehicle in Neutral. Therefore, if stopped on a slope, CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y will roll
downward. The brake does not engage, and the motors do not apply torque (until the accelerator pedal is
pressed).

Baja
When CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y is in Baja, the ride height raises and adaptive damping dynamically adjusts
based on your Terrain selection to optimize performance on various off-road scenarios. The electronic stability control system
also allows more tire slip on low-traction surfaces. This is especially useful in high speed driving situations, such as desert or
sand driving.
You can customize the following settings:
Setting

Options

Description

Handling Balance

Left

Adjusts the vehicle balance such that Cybertruck behaves more like a front-wheel-drive vehicle. When you
move the slider to the left, Cybertruck is more stable and is more susceptible to understeer (when you turn
the wheel and Cybertruck turns less than normal).

Right

Adjusts the vehicle balance such that Cybertruck behaves more like a rear-wheel-drive vehicle. When you
move the slider to the right, Cybertruck moves with more agility but less stability, and is susceptible to
oversteer (when you turn the wheel and Cybertruck turns more than normal).

Standard

Provides the maximum amount of stability control intervention*.

Reduced

Reduces the amount of stability control intervention.

Minimal

Provides a minimal amount of stability control intervention.

Stability Assist

WARNING: Drive with caution when customizing Stability Assist. If you lose control of
CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y, less stability control intervention will be applied and
the vehicle may not stabilize itself. Use only if you have advanced experience driving beyond grip
limits.
Terrain

1272

Smooth

Sets ride height to Medium and increases damping for greater body control and responsive handling. Best
for drifting or high-speed driving on smooth or flat terrains (see Suspension on page 1261).

Owner's Manual

Off-Roading
Setting

Options

Description

Rugged

Sets ride height to High with damping optimized for rough terrain, medium-sized obstacles, and whoops.

Clearance Sets ride height to Very High for traversing large obstacles.
Deceleration Mode High

Increases the amount of regenerative braking so CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y slows down
more dramatically when you remove your foot from the accelerator pedal, allowing for more dynamic onepedal driving.
WARNING: Setting the Deceleration Mode to High (located in Dynamics) may cause some loss of
traction on loose surfaces (such as snow).

Standard

Provides the normal level of regenerative braking, allowing CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y to
maintain traction on loose, low-traction surfaces (such as sand, dirt, and gravel).

* Stability control intervention modifies motor torque and selectively applies the brakes to each wheel to make Cybertruck more stable and
help the driver maintain control of the vehicle. In this setting, stability control is reduced compared to on-road driving.

Wade Mode
Wade Mode allows CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y to enter and drive through bodies of water, such as rivers or
creeks.
CAUTION: It is your responsibility to gauge the depth of any body of water before entering. Damage or water ingress to
CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y as a result of driving in water is not covered by the warranty.
CAUTION: Always inspect underwater conditions (such as debris, etc.) before entering and use your best judgment.
Take care to drive slowly and safely. If the water is too deep, return to more shallow water or dry land.

1. The maximum wade depth is approximately 32 in. (815 mm) measuring from the bottom of the tire.
Wade Mode must be used any time you are driving CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y through a shallow body of
water, such as a river. To enable Wade Mode:
1. Ensure all doors and windows are fully closed, and your vehicle speed is less than 20 mph (32 km/h).
2. Access the Off-Road App.

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Off-Roading
3. Select Wade.
When enabled, the Wade Mode icon appears on the touchscreen and starts a countdown for how long Wade
Mode is active. Wade Mode duration is limited to 30 minutes.

Wade Mode defaults the vehicle’s ride height to Very High and protects CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y for up to
approximately 32 in (815 mm) of water, driving at slow speeds (1-3 mph (2-5 km/h)). As water depth changes, reduce your
vehicle speed accordingly. Do not disable Wade Mode until your vehicle is fully out of water.
In addition, the vehicle’s high voltage Battery automatically pressurizes to protect the Battery from water and debris.
Muddy waters can reduce the cooling system effectiveness by adhering to the radiator. See Cleaning Mud on page 784 for
information on how to clean your vehicle after a muddy excursion. Wash your vehicle immediately after wading to reduce
chances of bacteria buildup and mud hardening after drying. Vehicles driving in waters should be regularly inspected for signs
of water ingress or damage to components including (but not limited to) the brakes, horn, lights, etc.
CAUTION: On soft or muddy underwater surfaces, CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y may sink in, effectively
increasing the water level on the vehicle. Take this possibility into account and prepare accordingly.
WARNING: Never stop or place the vehicle in Park when crossing water. Do not drive in water next to, or immediately
after, another vehicle. Currents created by other vehicles can lead to damage.
WARNING: Do not drive in deep, fast-flowing bodies of water (such as strong currents or rapids). Doing so can result in
damage, serious injury, or death.

Trail Assist
Trail Assist is available when CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y is in Overland. It maintains the speed
of the vehicle to provide greater control during steep ascents and descents.

To enable, touch Controls > Dynamics > Off-Road > Trail Assist. Then you can quickly activate or deactivate Trail Assist when
needed by single-clicking the right scroll wheel button. You can set the Trail Assist speed between 1 mph (2 km/h) and 25 mph
(40 km/h). When active, you can change the set speed by swiping on the right scroll wheel. Small swipes increase the speed in
smaller increments, whereas large swipes increase the speed in larger increments.
You can also press the accelerator or brake pedal to temporarily increase or decrease your speed. Once you remove your foot
from the pedal, the vehicle returns to your set speed. If you simultaneously brake to a lower speed and swipe down on the
right scroll wheel, or accelerate and swipe up, the set speed will automatically snap to the current speed.
NOTE: Unlike other features that allow you to set a cruising speed (such as Traffic-Aware Cruise Control), pressing the brake
pedal does not disable Trail Assist. However, pressing and holding the brake pedal firmly while at a standstill disables Trail
Assist.
NOTE: Trail Assist disengages and returns to your normal driving settings if you accelerate above 30 mph (48 km/h). It reactivates when you drive below 30 mph (48 km/h).
CAUTION: Trail Assist does not detect objects in front of the vehicle. It is your responsibility to always monitor your
vehicle's surroundings and be prepared to brake or steer for unanticipated circumstances.

Locking Differentials
CAUTION: Do not use off-road locking differentials while driving on high-traction surfaces, such as asphalt. Using
locking differentials in inappropriate situations can cause significant damage to the vehicle. Damage to the vehicle due
to improper use of locking differentials is not covered by the warranty.

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Off-Roading
Open Differentials
Most passenger vehicles are equipped with open differentials on the drive axles. When a vehicle with open differentials turns
on a corner or paved road, the wheels on the outside of the curve rotate more quickly than the wheels on the inside of the
curve to prevent wheel hop and reduce vehicle instability. However, in low-traction scenarios (such as off-roading or driving in
snow), additional torque can get directed towards the wheel(s) with less traction, which may lead to the vehicle getting stuck.

Locking Differentials
CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y is equipped with locking differentials for increased traction during certain low
traction and off-road conditions.
Locking differentials lock both wheels of an axle together, which forces the wheels to rotate at the same speed. This
distributes the torque across the same axle based on the available traction in each wheel. When one of the locked wheels has
significantly reduced traction (on sand, ice, etc.) more torque is applied to the wheel with greater traction. This distribution of
torque helps the vehicle continue moving in low traction environments.
Dual Motor Variants: are equipped with mechanical front and rear locking differentials.
Tri-Motor (Cyberbeast) Variants: are equipped with a mechanical front locking differential, and a virtual rear locking differential
to provide sufficient torque in each rear wheel. The rear locking differential automatically engages in certain drive modes and
speeds, and cannot be manually engaged or disengaged.
CAUTION: Loading CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y to the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) and
engaging the locking differentials may result in damage to the drivetrain (see Vehicle Loading on page 1460).
WARNING: Do not expect the locking differentials to provide sufficient traction if the vehicle does not have appropriate
tires for the conditions, or CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y is in a situation where all four wheels are
spinning.

Engaging Locking Differentials On Road
WARNING: Your vehicle's turning radius increases when locking differentials are engaged. It is your responsibility to be
aware of your surroundings and drive carefully.
Engaging locking differentials while driving on roads is intended for specific situations where you temporarily need extra grip
on loose or uneven terrain, such as getting un-stuck from a snow bank. Do not engage locking differentials unless it is needed
for the road conditions. Navigate to Controls > Dynamics > Engage Rear Locking Differential. When enabled, Slippery Surface
also enables (see Slippery Surfaces on page 1260). Engage Rear Locking Differential should not be used for regular driving on
slick surfaces.
When you engage locking differentials while driving on roads, your speed is limited to 35 mph (56 km/h). The stability control
icon may appear momentarily while the locking differentials disengage (see Vehicle Status on page 1127).
NOTE: This option is not available on Tri-Motor (Cyberbeast) vehicles.

Engaging Locking Differentials Off Road
Before you engage locking differentials, consider your driving situation (such as the terrain, weather, etc.). The rear locking
differentials are ideal for off-roading uphill or on level surfaces. Front locking differentials are typically used when you need
more traction at the front of the vehicle, like rock crawling. To engage:
1. Access the Off-Road app.
2. Select the locking differentials you want to enable.
For dual motor variants:
◦ All On
◦ Rear Only
◦ Off
For Tri-Motor (Cyberbeast) variants:
◦ Front Only

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Off-Roading
◦ Off
Or touch the associated locking differential icon in the vehicle status area and select which locking differential(s) you want to
engage:
Gray: Locking differential is disengaged.

Orange: Locking differential is engaged. This icon may blink orange while the locking differential is engaging or
disengaging.

Orange question mark (?): Unknown locker position.

Red exclamation point (!): System fault or locking differential unavailable (see Troubleshooting on page 1276).

You may need to drive a short distance to engage or disengage once enabled.
Once the locking differentials are fully engaged, the vehicle may slightly rock side to side when turning at low speeds. This is
normal behavior when the touchscreen indicates a fully engaged locker (solid orange icon).
The locking differentials may cancel or delay engaging in various cases. If the locking differentials are unable to engage, a
chime sounds and a message displays on the touchscreen. See Troubleshooting on page 1276 for more information.
WARNING: Driving with locked differentials may reduce vehicle responsiveness to steering. Always monitor your
vehicle's behavior and the surroundings. Failure to do so may result in damage or serious injury.

Disengaging Locking Differentials
To disengage, touch the differential icon on the touchscreen and select Off. You may need to drive a short distance to
disengage. The locking differentials also automatically attempt to disengage whenever the vehicle shifts out of Drive, or when
a different drive mode is selected.
When you disengage the locking differentials, the icon may blink orange before disappearing from the touchscreen. Ensure
the locking differentials are disengaged before you drive on paved roads or at speeds higher than 35 mph (56 km/h). Check
the vehicle wheels are not skipping when turning.

Troubleshooting
Behavior

Action(s)

Locking differential(s) are not engaging.

Creep forward.
Wait for excessive wheel slip to reduce.
Turn the steering wheel to completely to the left and right, and back again,
several times while stationary.

Locking differential takes a long time to
disengage.

1276

Creep forward.
Turn the steering wheel to the left and right while creeping forward.

Owner's Manual

Off-Roading
Behavior

Action(s)
Check tires on the axle for uneven wear.

Locking differential cannot disengage
after the first engagement.

This may occur if your vehicle has not been driven long enough with the locking
differential engaged. After the first engagement, drive Cybertruck (at least 100 ft)
while wriggling the steering wheel from left to right to calibrate. During this time,
any attempt to disengage is ignored until calibration is complete or times out.

Popping sound while engaging/
disengaging.

This is normal. The noise while engaging/disengaging can occur while the
mechanism is engaging or releasing.

Locking differential icon stays blinking.

Try performing a U-turn (where it is safe and legal to do so) when lockers are fully
disengaged.

Solid orange with an exclamation point
appears.

Try shifting into Park, then shift into Drive and try again.

Locking differentials cancel or delay
engagement.

The vehicle doesn't detect a difference in wheel spin between two wheels on the
same axle. Continue driving and wait before trying to re-engage.

Use the mobile app to schedule a service appointment.

The vehicle detects a very high difference in wheel spin between two wheels on
the same axle. Continue driving and wait before trying to re-engage.

Troubleshooting
Off-Road Troubleshooting
You may need to increase traction while off-roading (such as for getting unstuck or overcoming an obstacle). Follow these
general guidelines to provide more traction to CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y:
1. Engage Overland (see Overland on page 1272 for more information).
2. Adjust the suspension height. Raise the suspension until the vehicle is no longer obstructed. Avoid lowering the
suspension to prevent damage (see Suspension on page 1261).
3. Customize Terrain based on the current surface conditions. For high traction terrains, select Rock. For looser terrains,
select Sand.
4. Engage the front and/or rear locking differentials (see Locking Differentials on page 1274).
5. For softer terrain or steep inclines, engage Trail Assist for a steady progression through complex terrain (see Trail Assist on
page 1274).
If you still need more traction, perform the following:
1. Decrease tire pressure to 36 PSI. This increases tire contact with the surface, which can help provide more traction.
CAUTION: The TPMS warning thresholds may be lowered to accommodate different off-road needs. Do not rely
solely on the TPMS warning indicator when in an Off-Road mode or setting, as these thresholds do not comply with
Federal TPMS standards. It is your responsibility to ensure tires are adequately inflated at all times and are inflated
back to normal levels before regular driving on roads.
2. Use traction aids, such as traction boards.
3. Tow your vehicle. See Instructions for Transporters on page 1470 for more information on towing
CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y.

Limitations and Warnings
Off-road driving depends on the performance of the air suspension system, brakes, power steering, and other vehicle
systems. If there is a condition affecting the performance of any dependent system, a message displays on the touchscreen
and off-road driving modes are unavailable.

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Off-Roading
WARNING: Before driving off road, carefully survey the terrain and be aware of the weather forecast and other
environmental conditions. Exercise extreme caution when approaching steep ascents and descents. While driving off
road, always be aware of your surroundings and survey the terrain as necessary. Tesla is not liable for any damage to
CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y resulting from off-road driving.
WARNING: Never depend on the driving visualization to show you obstacles in front of, behind, or to the sides of
CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y. Always use caution while driving off road and perform visual checks when
necessary. The visualization relies on the cameras mounted on CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y (see
Cameras on page 1146). External factors (such as a dirty or obscured lens) may affect the performance of a camera, and
the cameras may not detect objects or barriers that can potentially cause damage or injury.
WARNING: Visibility may be limited by sharp crests and uneven terrain. Always check what is at the top of a hill and over
the crest before driving over it, and be aware of steep descents or other obstacles.
WARNING: Before approaching an obstacle, ensure that CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y has enough
ground clearance to clear it. If the bottom of CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y is contacting the ground even
with the ride height at the highest setting, reduce your speed or avoid the obstacle altogether.
WARNING: Exercise extra caution when the terrain surface is wet, sandy, or slippery. Loose gravel, sand, and other
environmental conditions may affect the performance of Off-Road Modes.
WARNING: Before driving off road, make sure that loose items in the cabin are stowed or secured and ensure that the
cargo bed is free of cargo, or that cargo is tightly secured.

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Towing
Towing a Trailer
NOTE: You cannot enable Off-Road Modes and Trailer Mode at the same time.
NOTE: If the towing capacity on the hitch label conflicts with the information provided in this owner's manual, this owner's
manual takes precedence.

Towing Guidelines
Towing a trailer puts additional load on the motors, drive train, brakes, tires, and suspension and significantly decreases range.
If you tow a trailer, follow these general guidelines:
• Reduce your driving speed and avoid sudden maneuvers. Keep in mind that when towing a trailer, steering, stability, turning
radius, stopping distances, and braking performance are different when compared to driving without a trailer.
• Increase your following distance by maintaining at least twice the typical distance from the vehicle ahead. This helps avoid
situations that require heavy braking. Sudden braking may result in skidding or jack-knifing, and loss of control.
• Avoid sharp turns. Sharp turns can cause the trailer to contact CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y and cause
damage. Make wider turns to prevent the trailer from hitting curbs, road signs, trees, or other objects.
• Periodically check the trailer lights and turn signals to confirm that bulbs are still working (see Trailer Light Test on page
1282). When towing a trailer, the turn signal arrows on the touchscreen flash as normal, even if the bulbs on the trailer are
burnt out.
• Periodically confirm the cargo is secure.
• Periodically confirm the trailer brakes are working (see Trailer Brakes on page 1281).
• Avoid parking on a grade (see Parking with a Trailer on page 1284).
• Regularly confirm that all towing components are secured.

Before Towing a Trailer
Before towing a trailer, you must do the following:
1. Review all regulations and legal requirements in your state/region that apply to towing a trailer. Failure to comply with
regulations can compromise your safety.
2. Inflate tires to the cold tire inflation pressure specified in Tire Pressures when Towing on page 1280.
3. Set the suspension height to match the trailer height. Tesla recommends Low (Controls > Suspension > Low). You must
choose a ball mount suitable for your towing needs. See Ball Mount Specifications on page 1285 for more information.
4. Adjust all mirrors to provide a clear rearward view without a significant blind spot.
NOTE: Use towing mirrors for larger trailers.
5. Confirm the trailer load is evenly distributed such that the trailer tongue weight is approximately 10% of the total trailer
weight, without exceeding the maximum tongue weights provided in Towing Capacity on page 1280.
6. Engage Trailer Mode (see Trailer Mode on page 1281).
7. Calibrate the trailer brakes (see Trailer Brakes on page 1281).
Then, confirm the following:
1. CybertruckModel SModel XModel 3Model Y rests horizontally with the trailer attached. If the vehicle is tipped up at the
front, and down at the rear, check that you are not exceeding the maximum towing capacity and tongue weights provided in
Towing Capacity on page 1280.
2. All trailer hitch parts and attachments, safety chains, and electrical connectors are in good condition and properly
connected. If any problems are apparent, do not tow the trailer.
3. Trailer lights (brake lights, turn signal lights, marker lights, etc.) are working properly.
4. The trailer tongue is securely connected to the hitch ball.

Owner's Manual

1279

Towing