• Post-Drive Cooling - Enable if you want the cooling systems to continue cooling the vehicle's components even after you
leave the vehicle. Cooling stops automatically when the components are sufficiently cool, or when you power
Model SModel XModel 3Model Y off and back on again. Post-Drive Cooling is useful if you want to quickly cool the
components between driving sessions. If Post-Drive Cooling is set to OFF, the components eventually cool, but it takes
longer.
• Brake Temperatures (displays only if Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is not equipped with Tesla's Carbon Ceramic brake
kit) - Enable to display brake temperatures as well as warnings associated with the braking system. You may want to
disable in situations in which you have installed an aftermarket high performance braking system.
NOTE: Warnings are automatically disabled on a Model SModel XModel 3Model Y equipped with the optional Tesla Carbon
Ceramic brake kit.

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• Save Dashcam for Laps - Enable if you want to save a video and data on a USB flash drive when using the Lap Timer. A USB
flash drive must be set up and inserted as described (see USB Drive Requirements for Recording Videos on page 657). The
USB flash drive must contain a folder named TeslaTrackMode. When enabled, Track Mode stores a video and associated
data for each lap. Track Mode also stores the car status and telemetry data with details about the vehicle's position, speed,
acceleration, use of accelerator, etc. You can then view the video recordings and analyze this data, which is saved as
a .CSV file on the USB flash drive, to determine where time is being lost or gained.
The currently chosen setting displays on the touchscreen in the top left corner of the Track Mode pane.
Track Mode allows you to save up to 20 settings profiles. To delete a chosen profile, touch Delete at the bottom of the settings
screen.
NOTE: You can not change or delete a pre-defined profile provided by Tesla.
Using the Lap Timer
When you enable Track Mode, the map displays a Lap Timer. Drop a pin on the map to define the lap's start/finish location.
Then press START to begin the driving (lapping) session. Once started, the Lap Timer starts counting when you drive
Model SModel XModel 3Model Y past the lap's start/finish location where you dropped the pin. The Lap Timer automatically
starts timing the duration of the lap, resetting the timer whenever you pass the start/finish location, and displaying the realtime delta between the current lap and the fastest lap so far in the driving session. The map highlights the track in blue.
At the completion of each lap, the Lap Timer displays the duration of the lap. It also displays the times associated with the
previous and best laps in the driving session.
If Save Dashcam for Laps is enabled (see Customizing Track Mode on page 506), and a properly formatted USB flash drive is
inserted, Track Mode saves a video of the driving session (as recorded by the front cameras), along with a .CSV file that
provides detailed information about the lap.
NOTE: To stop the timer at the end of your driving session, touch STOP on the Lap Timer.
Monitoring Vehicle Health
You can easily monitor the health of Model SModel XModel 3Model Y when using Track Mode by glancing at the touchscreen
and the instrument panel.
The touchscreen displays bars that graphically represent the temperatures of the Battery and motors. These bars display with
no color when operating within their ideal temperature range. However, as the Battery or a motor begins to suffer from
reduced performance due to temperature, the associated bar is highlighted in yellow. Then, as the performance becomes more
limited, the color of the bar progresses toward red.
The instrument panel displays dynamic readings of tire pressures and colors a tire's pressure reading red if the tire pressure
becomes low.
If Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is not equipped with Tesla's Carbon Ceramic brake kit, the instrument panel also displays
temperature warnings from the front and rear brakes, using yellow as the brakes reach thermal limits and red when thermal
limits are further exceeded.
NOTE: A component displayed in red may indicate the need for the component to cool significantly before it can perform
adequately.
CAUTION: Any vehicle damage or injuries caused by using Track Mode is the driver's responsibility. The vehicle warranty
does not cover damage caused by excessive overuse of vehicle components. It also does not cover racing, autocross, or
driving in competition.
G-Meter
In Track Mode, a real-time G-Meter displays on the Track Mode pane on the touchscreen. The G-Meter graphically displays
peak lateral and longitudinal acceleration values in the form of a circular meter. The history of your drive is represented in the
shaded area. The G-Meter resets at the start of each driving session.

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Driver Profiles
When you first adjust the driver’s seat, steering wheelsteering yoke (or steering wheel) position, or exterior side mirrors, the
touchscreen prompts you to create a driver profile to save these adjustments. Your profile also saves various preferences you
make while customizing Model SModel XModel 3Model Y.
To save your profile settings to the cloud and access them across multiple Tesla vehicles, set up a Tesla Profile (see Using
Tesla Profiles on page 508).
To add a new driver profile, touch the driver profile icon at the top of the touchscreen. Then touch Driver Profile
Settings > Add New Driver, type the driver's name and touch Create Profile. Follow the onscreen instructions to
save mirror and steering wheel position to the driver profile.

Check the Use Easy Entry checkbox if you want to save (or use existing) Easy Entry settings in which the driver's seat and the
steering wheelsteering yoke (or steering wheel) are automatically adjusted to make it easy to enter and exit
Model SModel XModel 3Model Y.
If you change the position of the driver’s seat, steering wheelsteering yoke (or steering wheel), or exterior side mirrors after
you have saved or chosen a driver profile, the touchscreen prompts you to Save the new position or Restore the previously
saved position (other settings are automatically saved). To change a setting without saving or restoring, just ignore the
prompt.
To delete a driver profile, touch the driver profile icon at the top of the touchscreen, touch Driver Profile Settings and select
the driver profile you want to remove. Once selected, Delete the driver profile.
NOTE: Valet mode is a built-in driver profile that limits speed and restricts access to some Model SModel XModel 3Model Y
features (see Valet Mode on page 510).
NOTE: Depending on date of manufacture and options selected at time of purchase, some Model S vehicles are not equipped
with the driver profile feature. Also, in cases where the vehicle is equipped with driver profiles, some features may not be
automatically saved and adjusted based on the driver profile (for example, mirror position).
NOTE: To stop automatic adjustments that are in process based on a driver's profile, touch Stop on the Driver Profile
dropdown menu. Automatic adjustments also stop if you manually adjust a seat, mirror, or the steering wheelsteering yoke (or
steering wheel).
Selecting Between Driver Profiles
To adjust Model SModel XModel 3Model Y based on a driver’s profile, touch the driver profile icon at the top of
the touchscreenControls screen. Then choose the driver, and Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is adjusted
based on the settings that have been saved to the chosen driver profile. See Using Tesla Profiles on page 508
to learn more about saving profile settings to the cloud for easy access across multiple Tesla vehicles.
NOTE: Your preferred Stopping Mode setting does not sync to your driver profile. For more information, see Braking and
Stopping on page 454.
Using Tesla Profiles
(If equipped) Driver profile settings, such as seat adjustments, temperature preferences, navigation Recents and Favorites,
media settings, and data sharing preferences can be saved into a Tesla Profile that is synced to every supported vehicle under
your Tesla Account. This provides convenient access to your profile settings and preferences across all your Tesla supported
vehicles.
To set up your Tesla Profile, navigate to Driver Profile Settings and select your Tesla Account name. You can choose to set it up
as a New Profile or copy the settings from an existing driver profile that you were previously using.
To set up a Tesla Profile for additional drivers, share your vehicle with them from the mobile app and navigate to Security &
Drivers > Manage Drivers > Add Driver. Their Tesla Profile will appear in the Driver Profile settings after accepting the invitation
from their Tesla Account. If you remove their access to the vehicle, it also removes their Tesla Profile. For more information on
granting mobile app access, see Granting Access to a Second Driver on page 357. In addition, you can change your profile
picture from your Tesla Mobile App.

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NOTE: Some vehicle settings are synced only between similar vehicle models. If the seat, steering, and mirror positions do not
restore as expected, touch Controls > Service > Driver Seat, Steering, & Mirrors Calibration on the affected vehicles. If the
setting for Autopilot Activation does not restore as expected, touch Controls > Autopilot > Autopilot Activation (see Autopilot
Settings on page 546). If the setting for Autopilot Activation does not restore as expected, touch Controls > Autopilot >
Autopilot Activation (see Autopilot Settings on page 546). If the setting for Autopilot Activation does not restore as expected,
touch Controls > Autopilot > Autopilot Activation (see Autopilot Settings on page 546). If the setting for Autopilot Activation
does not restore as expected, touch Controls > Autopilot > Autopilot Activation (see Autopilot Settings on page 546).
NOTE: Tesla Profiles are supported on vehicles with software versions 2022.24 or higher.
To remove your Tesla Profile from a vehicle, remove that vehicle from your Tesla account:
1. In the Tesla mobile app, touch the profile icon in the top-right corner.
2. Touch Add/Remove Products.
3. Touch Remove.
4. Select the vehicle you'd like to remove.
Saved Settings
A subset of the settings that you choose to customize your Model SModel XModel 3Model Y are automatically saved to your
driver's profile. Once saved, a green check mark appears next to the driver profile icon on the touchscreen. Examples of
automatically saved driver profile settings are:
• Navigation, temperature, lights and display settings.
• Autopilot and driving preferences.
NOTE: The settings that are associated with driver profiles vary depending on the vehicle's date of manufacture and version of
software installed.
Linking a Driver Profile to a Key Fob
You can link a driver profile to a specific key fob to allow Model SModel XModel 3Model Y to automatically select the correct
driver profile when the linked key fob is detected as you approach the vehicle and open the driver's door. To link a driver profile
to a key fob, enter Model SModel XModel 3Model Y with the key fob and touch the driver profile icon at the top of the
touchscreen. Select the driver profile you would like to link to the key fob, then touch Link to Key Fob.
NOTE: Model SModel XModel 3Model Y detects only one key fob at a time. The driver profile is linked to the key fob that is
detected by the vehicle at that time. Therefore, if you want to link driver profiles to multiple key fobs, ensure that only the key
fob that you would like to link the driver profile to is within detection range while performing the linking procedure. Move all
other key fobs outside of the detection range (at least three feet (one meter) away from Model SModel XModel 3Model Y).
NOTE: Model SModel XModel 3Model Y can support up to threeeight linked key fobs. However, a driver profile can only be
linked to one key fob.
To remove the link between a driver profile and key fob, touch the driver profile icon at the top of the touchscreen. Select the
driver profile, then touch the X next to Linked to Key Fob.
Linking a Driver Profile to a Key
You can link a driver profile to a key (or keys) to allow Model SModel XModel 3Model Y to automatically select the correct
driver profile when the linked key is detected as you approach the vehicle and open the driver's door. To link a driver profile to
a key, first ensure you are using your desired driver profile, then touch Controls > Locks > Keys. You can toggle the driver icon
to link or delete a key to the desired driver profile. The name of the driver profile appears under the key to show that it is
linked.
NOTE: Model SModel XModel 3Model Y supports up to 10 driver profiles. You can link multiple keys to a driver profile, but you
cannot link multiple driver profiles to a single key.

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Easy Entry
You can define an Easy Entry setting that moves the steering wheelsteering yoke (or steering wheel) and driver's seat to make
it easy to enter and exit Model SModel XModel 3Model Y. Any driver can use the Easy Entry setting by associating it with their
driver profile. When the Easy Entry setting is associated with a driver profile, the steering wheelsteering yoke (or steering
wheel) and driver's seat automatically adjust when in Park and the driver's seat belt is unbuckled, allowing an easy exit from
(and next entrance into) Model SModel XModel 3Model Y. When returning to the vehicle and stepping on the brake pedal,
settings automatically adjust back to the settings used by the most recent driver profile (or based on the key if it's linked to a
driver profile).
To use Easy Entry with a driver profile, ensure the Use Easy Entry box is checked.
WARNING: Never use Easy Entry to move the driver's seat to the full rearward position when a child safety seat is
installed on a rear seat located behind the driver's seat. With reduced clearance, the movement of the seat may impact a
child's legs, cause injury, or dislodge the seat.
Valet Mode
When Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is in Valet mode, the following restrictions apply:
• Key card must be used to access and drive Model SModel XModel 3Model Y.
• Speed is limited to 70 mph (113 km/h).
• Maximum acceleration and power are limited.
• Front trunk and glovebox are locked.
• Home and Work locations are not available in the navigation system.
• Voice commands are disabled.
• Cruise control is disabled.
• Autopilot convenience features are disabled.
• The Allow Mobile Access setting cannot be changed.
• HomeLink (if available in your market region) is not accessible.
• Driver Profiles are not accessible.
• Some apps, such as Toybox and Theater, are not accessible.
• The touchscreen does not display the list of keys that can access Model SModel XModel 3Model Y (see Managing Keys on
page 126).
• Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are disabled. When Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is in Valet mode, you cannot pair new Bluetooth
devices or view or delete existing paired devices. However, if a Bluetooth-paired device or a known Wi-Fi network is within
range, Model SModel XModel 3Model Y connects to it.
NOTE: Model SModel XModel 3Model Y does not automatically shift when in Valet Mode.
Starting Valet Mode

With Model SModel XModel 3Model Y in Park, touch the driver profile icon at the top of the touchscreenControls screen, then
touch Valet Mode.
The first time you enter Valet mode, the touchscreen prompts you to create a 4-digit PIN you will use to cancel Valet mode.
When Valet mode is active, the instrument paneltouchscreen displays the word Valet while the driver profile changes to Valet
Mode on the touchscreen.
You can also use the mobile app to start and cancel Valet mode (if Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is in Park). When using
the mobile app, you do not need to enter a PIN because you are already required to log into the app using your Tesla Account
credentials.
NOTE: If PIN to Drive is enabled (see PIN to Drive on page 651), you must enter the driving PIN before you can define or enter
a Valet PIN. Once in Valet mode, Model SModel XModel 3Model Y can be driven without the valet needing to enter the driving
PIN.
NOTE: The PIN to Drive setting is not available when Valet mode is active.
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If you forget your valet PIN, reset it from inside Model SModel XModel 3Model Y by entering your Tesla Account credentials
(which also cancels Valet mode). You can also reset your PIN using the mobile app.
WARNING: Do not use Valet mode when towing a trailer. The torque limitations of Valet mode can make it difficult for
Model SModel XModel 3Model Y to pull a trailer up a hill.
WARNING: Do not use Valet mode when towing a trailer. The torque limitations of Valet mode can make it difficult for
Model SModel XModel 3Model Y to pull a trailer up a hill.
Canceling Valet Mode

With Model SModel XModel 3Model Y in Park, touch the Valet Mode driver profile icon at the top of the touchscreenControls
screen, and enter your 4-digit PIN.
When you cancel Valet mode, all settings associated with the most recently used driver profile and climate control settings are
restored, and all features are available.
NOTE: You do not need to enter a PIN to cancel Valet mode from the mobile app.

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Active Hood
How Active Hood Works
(If equipped) Model SModel XModel 3Model Y (depending on market region and date of manufacture) (depending on market
region and date of manufacture) features a pedestrian protection system with an Active Hood that is designed to reduce head
injuries to pedestrians and cyclists in a frontal collision. Multiple sensors at the front of the vehicle are designed to detect an
impact with a pedestrian when Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is moving between approximately 19 and 52 km/h28 and 52
km/h25 and 50 km/h23 and 52 km/h30 and 52 km/h, and raise the rear portion of the hood automatically approximately 80
mm. This increases the space between the hood and the components beneath it, reducing the likelihood of injuries.
NOTE: The pedestrian protection system relies on a series of sensors and algorithms designed and calibrated to determine
when Active Hood should deploy. Therefore, not all pedestrian collisions result in deployment. Similarly, the Active Hood may
deploy if Model SModel XModel 3Model Y collides with an animal, vehicle, or other object.

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If Active Hood has been deployed, the instrument paneltouchscreen displays an alert and a chime sounds. Immediately take
Model SModel XModel 3Model Y to the nearest Tesla Service Center or Tesla-approved body shop. Active Hood's associated
sensors and actuators must be serviced whenever Active Hood has been deployed.
WARNING: Deployment of Active Hood may cause the raised hood to partially obstruct driver vision, increasing the risk
of a collision. If safe to do so, Model SModel XModel 3Model Y can be driven to the nearest Tesla Service Center or
Tesla-approved body shop. If unsafe to drive (you cannot clearly see over the raised hood, the hood latch has been
damaged, etc.), you must have your vehicle transported.
WARNING: If the instrument paneltouchscreen displays an alert indicating that Active Hood has been deployed in
situations where it has not, immediately drive Model SModel XModel 3Model Y to the nearest Tesla Service Center.
NOTE: If damage occurs to the front bumper, contact a local Tesla-approved body shop to inspect the sensors for damage.

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Trip Information
Displaying Trip Information
Trip information displays on the touchscreen in the cards area on the car status display, or when you touch Controls > Trips.
For the current trip, you can display distance, duration and average energy usage. You can also show distance and total and
average energy used since your last charge and for additional trips.
To name or rename a trip, touch the trip's name, enter a new name for the trip, then press Save. To reset a particular trip meter,
touch its associated Reset button.
You can display information for up to three trips on the instrument panel. Use the checkboxes to specify the trip(s) you want to
display. Then use the scroll wheel on the right side of the steering wheel to display the chosen trip(s) (see Using Right Steering
Wheel Buttons on page 382).
Odometer
To display the odometer and view vehicle mileage, do either of the following:
• Touch Controls > Software.
• Touch Controls > Trips.
• Open the mobile app and scroll down to the bottom of the main screen.
The odometer also displays on the instrument panel.

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Rear Facing Camera(s)
Camera Location
Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is equipped with a rear view camera located above the rear license plate.

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Whenever you shift into Reverse, the touchscreen displays the view from the camera. Lines show your driving path based on
the position of the steering wheelsteering yoke (or steering wheel). These lines adjust as you move the steering wheelsteering
yoke (or steering wheel).
Model SModel XModel 3Model Y also displays images from the side cameras. Simply swipe up or down to hide or show the
side camera views.
NOTE: You may need to expand the camera window to see the images from the side cameras .
NOTE: Visual feedback from Park Assist also appears on the instrument paneltouchscreen (see Park Assist on page 479).
NOTE: Depending on date of manufacture and options selected at time of purchase, some Model S vehicles are not equipped
with parking sensors.

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To display the view from the rear view cameras at any time, open the app launcher and touch the Camera app.

If a black screen appears on the touchscreen instead of the rear view camera feed when in Reverse, use the rear view mirrors
and ensure your surroundings are safe before continuing to Reverse. If inoperability of the rear view camera persists, use the
mobile app to schedule a service appointment.
WARNING: Never depend on the cameracameras to inform you if the area behind you is free of objects and/or people.
The cameracameras may not detect objects or barriers that can potentially cause damage or injury. In addition, several
external factors can reduce the performance of the cameracameras, including a dirty or obstructed lens. Therefore,
depending on the cameracameras to determine if Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is approaching an obstruction can
result in damage to the vehicle and/or objects and can potentially cause serious injury. Always inspect the area with your
own eyes. When reversing, perform shoulder checks and use all mirrors. Use the cameracameras for guidance purposes
only. It is not intended to replace your own direct visual checks and is not a substitute for careful driving.
To ensure a clear picture, the camera lens must be clean and free of obstructions. See Cleaning on page 765.

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Pedestrian Warning System
The Pedestrian Warning System causes Model SModel XModel 3Model Y to emit sound when driving below approximately 25
mph (40 km/h) or while driving in reverse. Electric vehicles operate quietly and this sound helps to alert pedestrians of your
oncoming vehicle. The sound, which activates whenever Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is shifted out of Park, gets louder
as speed increases.
(If equipped) The Pedestrian Warning System causes Model SModel XModel 3Model Y to emit sound when driving below
approximately 32 km/h (19 mph), or while driving in reverse. Electric vehicles operate quietly and this sound helps to alert
pedestrians of your oncoming vehicle. The sound, which activates whenever Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is shifted out of
Park, gets louder as speed increases.
(If equipped) The Pedestrian Warning System causes Model SModel XModel 3Model Y to emit sound when driving below
approximately 19 mph (32 km/h) or while driving in reverse. Electric vehicles operate quietly and this sound helps to alert
pedestrians of your oncoming vehicle. The sound, which activates whenever Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is shifted out of
Park, gets louder as speed increases.
(If equipped) The Pedestrian Warning System causes Model SModel XModel 3Model Y to emit sound when driving below
approximately 19 mph (32 km/h) or while driving in reverse. Electric vehicles operate quietly and this sound helps to alert
pedestrians of your oncoming vehicle. The sound, which activates whenever Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is shifted out of
Park, gets louder as speed increases.
For vehicles manufactured prior to approximately November 2021: In situations where you need to turn the sound off (such as
in stop and go highway traffic), touch Controls > Safety > Pedestrian Warning > Pause. The sound is paused for the current
drive only. On your next drive, the sound automatically turns back on. The switch may not be available for vehicles
manufactured after this date.
WARNING: Use the Pause switch to silence the alarm only when absolutely necessary and when there are no other road
users in the surrounding area. You must turn the Pedestrian Warning System back on immediately after the
circumstances that required you to turn it off have passed.
The instrument paneltouchscreen displays this indicator when the Pedestrian Warning System has been paused
and is therefore not active.

NOTE: The Pedestrian Warning System may not be available in vehicles manufactured prior to approximately September 1,
2020.
NOTE: The Pedestrian Warning System may not be available in vehicles manufactured prior to approximately September 1,
2019.
NOTE: The Pedestrian Warning System may not be available in vehicles manufactured prior to approximately September 1,
2020.
WARNING: If sound cannot be heard, pedestrians may not be aware of your oncoming vehicle, which may increase the
likelihood of a collision resulting in serious injury or death. Never rely on the Pedestrian Warning System to make sure
that pedestrians are aware of your vehicle. If the Pedestrian Warning System is not operating, schedule a service
appointment.

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Towing and Accessories
The towing package includes a 2" x 2" (5 cm x 5 cm) hitch receiver that can support an accessory carrier (for bicycles, skis,
snowboards, etc.) or tow a trailer.
Installing and Using a Carrier
When using the tow package to carry accessories, the 2" x 2" (5 cm x 5 cm) square hitch receiver is designed to support
vertical loads of up to 160 lbs (72 kg). Ball mounts that are compatible with the square receiver must be purchased separately.
To install and use an accessory carrier, you must first attach the ball mount to the hitch receiver (see Attaching and Removing
the Ball Mount on page 526). Then, follow the instructions provided by your accessory carrier. Observe all regulations and
legal requirements in your state or region that apply to carrying accessories.
The Model SModel XModel 3Model Y towing package includes the wiring necessary for using an accessory carrier equipped
with lights (see Electrical Connections on page 527). The package also includes Trailer Mode software compatibility (see
Trailer Mode on page 523).
NOTE: Go to http://www.tesla.com to purchase accessories for your vehicle. Although third-party products are available, Tesla
recommends and supports only Tesla-approved products (see Parts and Accessories on page 786). The accessory products
available for your vehicle may vary based on market region. Before attempting to install a non Tesla-approved carrier, review
the product information to ensure compatibility.
NOTE: When not in use, the ball mount should be removed and stored in a dry location to prevent dust and corrosion. Keep the
dust cover over the hitch housing to prevent dirt and debris from entering (see Attaching and Removing the Ball Mount on
page 526).
NOTE: Tesla assumes no responsibility for damage or injuries resulting from installing and using an accessory carrier, for any
omissions in the instructions accompanying an accessory carrier, or for your failure to follow the instructions. Damage caused
by using an accessory carrier is not covered by the warranty.
Carrying Accessories

The hitch receiver is designed to support vertical loads up to 160 lbs (72 kg). When carrying bicycles, skis, or other items on
the Model SModel XModel 3Model Y hitch, always check to ensure that the maximum weight is not exceeded. When
calculating weight, remember to include the weight of the accessory carrier. For example, assuming the carrier weighs 40 lbs
(18 kg), the weight threshold is sufficient for carrying two bicycles weighing approximately 60 lbs (27 kg) each, or four items
weighing approximately 30 lbs (14 kg) each.
NOTE: Consult the product details of your accessory carrier for more information, such as additional weight or load limits.
Damage caused by non Tesla-approved accessories is not covered by the warranty.
CAUTION: Exceeding the maximum weight the Model SModel XModel 3Model Y hitch is designed to support (as
previously described) can cause significant damage.
CAUTION: Do not attempt to install an accessory carrier on Model SModel XModel 3Model Y that is not equipped with
the tow package. Doing so can cause significant damage.
Trailer Towing
The maximum trailer weight (including all cargo and additional equipment), and the trailer tongue weight depend on the
number of occupants in your vehicle and the tires being used. The maximum towing capacity and trailer tongue weight must
never exceed the following:
Wheel/Rim Size

# of Passengers

Maximum Towing Capacity

Maximum Tongue Weight

19", 20" and 21"

up to 3

3,500 lbs (1,588 kg)

350 lbs (159 kg)

19" and 21"

4-5

3,500 lbs (1,588 kg)

350 lbs (159 kg)

20"

4-5

2,300 lbs (1,043 kg)**

230 lbs (104 kg)**

19"

6 - 7*

2000 lbs (907 kg)**

200 lbs (91 kg)**

20"

6 - 7*

Towing not permitted

-

21"

6 - 7*

1200 lbs (544 kg)**

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*Applicable only to vehicles with seven seating positions.
** You must operate within the speed limitations of your trailer and tires, and only drive at speeds appropriate for the load you
are towing, the weather, road and traffic conditions, and your level of towing experience. Always obey posted speed limits and
local regulations regarding speed.
NOTE: In Canada, towing is limited to 55 mph (89 km/h).
For trailers with a combined loading of more than 1650 lbs (750 kg), Tesla recommends using a separate braking system with
an independent controller (see Trailer Brakes on page 524). Carefully follow the instructions provided by the trailer brake
manufacturer to ensure that trailer brakes are properly installed, adjusted, and maintained.
The tongue weight is the downward force that the weight of the trailer exerts on the hitch. This must not exceed 10% of the
maximum trailer weight. Carrying a significant amount of equipment, passengers, or cargo in the tow vehicle can reduce the
towing capacity it can handle, which also reduces the tongue weight. Maximum towing capacity is calculated assuming the
GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) is not exceeded (see Specifications on page 822).
NOTE: If the information on the hitch label conflicts with the information provided in this Owner's Manual, this Owner's Manual
takes precedence.
CAUTION: You should only use Model SModel XModel 3Model Y to tow if you have experience and knowledge of how
towing affects the vehicle and are able to safely load, secure, and maneuver the vehicle and cargo. Tesla's instructions
are not all-inclusive of the knowledge and skills necessary for safe towing. Damage caused by towing a trailer is not
covered by the warranty.
WARNING: Do not overload the vehicle or trailer. Doing so can cause poor performance, vehicle damage, and loss of
vehicle control, resulting in serious injury.
WARNING: Do not use the trailer hitch to transport Model SModel XModel 3Model Y (see Instructions for Transporters
on page 905).
Tire Pressures when Towing
When towing a trailer, tire pressures must be adjusted to accommodate the additional load. 19", 20", and 21" tires are
acceptable to use for towing. Keep tires inflated to the pressures shown below (if different, these pressures override the
pressures that are provided on the Tire and Loading Information Label (see Vehicle Loading on page 830)).
Front Tires

Rear Tires

Cold Tire Inflation Pressure

255/45R19

255/45R19

42 psi (290 kPa)

255/40R20

255/40R20

42 psi (290 kPa)

255/35R21

275/35R21

42 psi (290 kPa)

CAUTION: Do not use Model SModel XModel 3Model Y for towing if equipped with tires that are not listed previously.
WARNING: Check tire pressures using an accurate pressure gauge when tires are cold. Driving one mile/1.6 km warms
the tires sufficiently to affect tire pressures. Parking the vehicle in direct sunlight or in hot weather can also affect tire
pressures. If you must check warm tires, expect increased pressures. Do not let air out of warm tires in an attempt to
match recommended cold tire pressures. A hot tire at or below the recommended cold tire inflation pressure may be
dangerously under-inflated.
WARNING: Never attempt to tow a trailer when a Model SModel XModel 3Model Y tire is faulty or has been temporarily
repaired (for example, using a tire repair kit). A temporarily repaired tire is not designed to sustain the towing load.
Towing using a faulty or temporarily repaired tire can result in tire failure and loss of vehicle stability.
Before Towing a Trailer
Before towing a trailer, you must do the following:
• Inflate tires to the cold tire inflation pressure specified in Tire Pressures when Towing on page 522.
• Observe all regulations and legal requirements that apply to trailer towing. Failure to comply with regulations can
compromise your safety.
• Adjust side mirrors to provide a clear rear view without a significant blind spot.
• Engage Trailer Mode (see Trailer Mode on page 523).
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Owners Manual
Confirm the following:
• Model SModel XModel 3Model Y rests horizontally with the trailer attached. If the vehicle is tipped up at the front and
down at the rear, check that you are not exceeding the maximum towing capacity and tongue loads provided in Trailer
Towing on page 521.
• Trailer lights (brake lights, turn signal lights, and marker lights) are working properly.
• The trailer tongue is securely connected to the hitch ball.
• Safety chains are properly connected between the trailer and the tow vehicle. Cross the safety chains under the tongue of
the trailer to help prevent the tongue from contacting the road if it separates from the hitch. Leave enough slack in the
safety chains to allow for turns and ensure that the chains do not drag on the ground.
• All trailer hitch parts and attachments, safety chains, and electrical connectors are in good condition and are properly
connected. If any problems are apparent, do not tow the trailer.
• All cargo is secured.
• Wheel chocks are available.
• The trailer load is evenly distributed such that the trailer tongue weight is approximately 4-10% of the total trailer weight,
without exceeding the maximum tongue weights provided in Trailer Towing on page 521.
CAUTION: Loads that are balanced over the trailer wheels or heavier in the rear can cause trailer sway, resulting in
loss of vehicle control.
WARNING: Always ensure that cargo is secured in the trailer and will not shift. Dynamic load shifts can cause loss of
vehicle control, resulting in serious injury.
Towing Guidelines
Model SModel XModel 3Model Y is designed primarily as a passenger-carrying vehicle. Towing a trailer puts additional load
on the motor(s), drive train, brakes, tires, and suspension and significantly decreases range. If you decide to tow a trailer,
proceed with caution and follow these general guidelines:
• Reduce your driving speed and avoid sudden maneuvers. When towing a trailer, steering, stability, turning radius, stopping
distance and braking performance are different when compared to driving without a trailer.
• Increase your following distance by maintaining at least twice the distance from the vehicle ahead. This helps to avoid
situations that require heavy braking. Sudden braking may result in skidding or jack-knifing, and loss of control.
• Avoid sharp turns. Sharp turns can cause the trailer to contact the vehicle and cause damage. Keep in mind that the trailer
wheels are closer to the inside of the turn than the vehicle’s wheels. Therefore, make wider turns to prevent the trailer from
hitting curbs, road signs, trees or other objects.
• Periodically check the trailer lights and turn signals to confirm that the bulbs are still working. When towing a trailer, the
turn signal arrows on the touchscreen flash as normal, even if the bulbs on the trailer are burned out.
• Periodically confirm the cargo is secure.
• Regularly confirm that all towing components are securely tightened.
WARNING: Towing requires you to increase your stopping distance. When towing, increase your following distance and
avoid situations that could potentially cause heavy braking. Failure to do so can result in a collision.
WARNING: Observe all regulations and legal requirements in your jurisdiction that apply specifically to trailer towing.
Failure to comply with regulations can compromise your safety.
Trailer Mode