02 13-16

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02 13-16

SUBJECT

DATE

SPN 157 (MCM) (GHG17)

February 2016

Additions, Revisions, or Updates
Publication Number / Title
DDC-SVC-MAN-0191

Platform

Section Title

Change

DD Platform
- GHG17

SPN 157/FMI 16 GHG17

Update troubleshooting.

All information subject to change without notice.

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2 SPN 157/FMI 16 - GHG17

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SPN 157/FMI 16 - GHG17

Fuel Rail Pressure Too Low
Table 1.
SPN 157/FMI 16
Description

Fuel Rail Pressure Too Low

Monitored Parameter

Injector Cylinder #1 Needle Control Valve

Typical Enabling Conditions

Fuel Rail Pressure desired - Fuel Rail Pressure Actual > 200 bar

Monitor Sequence

None

Execution Frequency

Continuous When Enabling Conditions Met

Typical Duration

Eight Seconds

Dash Lamps

MIL, CEL

Engine Reaction

Derate 25%

Verification

Engine Idle (One Minute)

The fault can occur due to the conditions listed below:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

External fuel leakage between the high pressure pump and fuel injectors
Pressure limiting valve leakage (internal)
Fuel filter integrity (loose caps, plugged filters)
Fuel supply issues (fuel level, fuel aeration, leaking fuel lines, fuel restrictions)
Intermittent loss of engine speed signal
High pressure pump internal failure
Fuel injector (amplifier or needle) leakage
Fuel contamination
Rail pressure sensor
Motor Control Module (MCM)

Table 2.
Service Tools Used in the Procedure
Tool Number

Description

J-48876

Test Gauge, Primer Port, HDE

J-48704

Caps, HP Fuel Rail, HDE

J-48706

Fuel Diagnostic Gauge Set LP, HDE

DL 8.03 or higher

NOTE: It is important to obtain information from the customer on when the check engine lamp occurs and if there
were any performance concerns or exhaust smoke.
Check as follows:
1. Did SPN 157/FMI 16 appear after the fuel system was repaired or fuel filter maintenance was performed?
a. Yes; the code may be set due to air in the fuel system. Clear codes and road test to verify complaint. If code does
not set, release the vehicle. If code sets, Go to step 2.
b. No; Go to step 2.
2. Turn the ignition ON (key ON, engine OFF).
3. Check and record fuel level using parameter AS044 Fuel Tank Level. Is the fuel level under ¼ tank (25%)?
a. Yes; add fuel and road test vehicle. If code does not become active during road test, release the truck. If the code
becomes active during the road test with over ¼ tank (25%) of fuel, Go to step 5.
b. No; Go to step 4.
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4. Check fuel tank level in extended fault code data. Was fuel tank level over ¼ tank (25%) when the code logged?
a. Yes; Go to step 5.
b. No; fuel sloshing in the tank may have caused aerated fuel and set this code. Road test vehicle. If code does not
come active during road test, release the truck. If code does come active, Go to step 5.
5. Check for fuel contamination, including Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF), water, gasoline, kerosene, or coolant. Is any
contamination found?
a. Yes; refer to "Contaminated Fluids" in this manual.
b. No; Go to step 6.
6. Visually inspect for external fuel leaks on the engine and on the chassis. Are any leaks found?
a. Yes; repair leak. Refer to section "Verify Repairs".
b. No; Go to step 7.
7. Using DL 8.03 or higher, check for other active codes. Are any of the following codes active?
a. Yes; perform the associated diagnostics first:
• SPN 94/FMI 15 Fuel Filter Plugged
• SPN 94/FMI 16 Fuel Filter Plugged
• SPN 97/FMI 15 Water in the Fuel
• SPN 157/FMI 1 Rail Pressure too High
• SPN 164/FMI (All) Rail Pressure Sensor Faults
• SPN 174/FMI 0 Fuel Temperature too High
• SPN 679/FMI 7 PLV Stuck Open
• SPN 723/FMI (all) Cam Sensor Codes
• SPN 636/FMI (all) Crank Sensor Codes
• SPN 1077/FMI 5, 6 or 14
b. If only SPN 1077/7, 157/16 or 1077/31 is present, Go to step 8.
NOTE: Do not reset this counter unless the PLV is being replaced.
8. Using DL 8.03 or higher, check the value of Pressure Limiting Valve (PLV) openings. With key ON, engine OFF,
select the Actions tab in the top tool bar. Select Fuel System, then Pressure Limiting Valve (PLV) Change or view
(RPG_CTR_PLV_OPEN) under "Extended Data Record #5" list. View and record the PLV open counts. Is the counter
greater than 50?
a. Yes; replace the PLV. Refer to section "Removal of the Pressure Limiting Valve - Two-Filter System". Verify
repairs. Refer to section "Verify Repairs".
b. No; Go to step 9.
NOTE: Engines not equipped with a Low Pressure Pump Outlet (LPPO) sensor should utilize J-48706 Fuel
Diagnostic Gauge Set to monitor LPPO.
9. Perform Automatic Fuel System Integrity Check (FSIC) routine using DL 8.03 or higher. With the ignition ON (key
ON, engine OFF) start the Automatic FSIC. The software/tool will ask to start the engine when required. Once the
engine is running, the software will have the engine enter and exit several engine operating conditions. Once the engine
shuts down, leave the key on for five minutes. Disconnect DiagnosticLink and open the log file. The next steps of the
troubleshooting will require reviewing the FSIC log file. Go to step 10.
10. Monitor rail pressure bleed-off time. Is bleed off time below 35 seconds?
a. Yes; Refer to section "High Pressure Fuel System - Leak Test - Two-Filter System ".
b. No; Go to step 11.
11. In the previous step, was bleed off time greater than two minutes and thirty seconds?
a. Yes; Refer to section "Idle Speed Balance Test".
b. No; Go to step 12.
12. Does Kw/Nw show/stay "ON / Enabled / True" while the engine is running during the Automatic FSIC routine?
a. Yes; Go to step 13.
b. No; Refer to section "SPN 723/FMI 10 - GHG17".
13. Was the fuel temperature rise greater than 5.6°C (10°F)?
a. Yes; Go to step 15.
b. No; Go to step 14.
All information subject to change without notice.

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2 SPN 157/FMI 16 - GHG17
14. At 600 rpm, is ASL003 Fuel Compensation Pressure between 586 kPa (85 psi) and 6 kPa (100 psi)?
a. Yes; Go to step 16.
b. No; Go to step 15.
15. Monitor AS124 LPPO sensor (if equipped) or use manual gauge J-48706. Is the pressure between 496 kPa (72 psi) and
551 kPa (80 psi) at 600 rpm and 689 kPa (100 psi) to 869 kPa (126 psi) at 1800 rpm?
a. Yes; Go to step 16.
b. No; repair cause of incorrect fuel pressure.
16. Monitor AS124 LPPO (if equipped) and ASL003 Fuel Compensation Pressure at all engine speeds; are pressures stable
with no oscillations? Unstable pressures will have oscillations greater than 1.5 psi at stable engine speed.
a. Yes; Go to step 17.
b. No; Refer to section "Aerated Fuel Test – Two-Filter Fuel System".
17. Check the Idle Speed Balance (ISB) values. Refer to section "Idle Speed Balance Test". Are there any cylinders above
70% or below -70%?
a. Yes; follow repair procedures in "Idle Speed Balance (ISB) Test" and verify repairs. Refer to section "Verify
Repairs".
b. No; Go to step 18.
18. Is ASL001 Rail Pressure erratic or does it have a saw tooth pattern?

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02 13-16

a. Yes; Go to step 19.
NOTE: See examples of erratic pressure showing (1) ASL001 Rail pressure and (2) AS098 Desired rail pressure.
b. No; Go to step 20.
19. Perform the Aerated Fuel test. Refer to section "Aerated Fuel Test – Two-Filter Fuel System". Was fuel aerated?
a. Yes; repair cause of aerated fuel. Refer to section "Aerated Fuel Test – Two-Filter Fuel System".
b. No; replace the Quantity Control Valve. Refer to section "Removal of the Quantity Control Valve - Two-Filter
System".
20. Perform Pressure Limiting Valve Flow test. Refer to section "Pressure Limiting Valve Flow Test – Two-Filter Fuel
System". Did the PLV flow test pass?
a. Yes; Go to step 21.
b. No; replace the PLV. Refer to section "Removal of the Pressure Limiting Valve - Two-Filter System".
21. Inspect the low pressure fuel system for leaks. Refer to section "FIS Low Pressure Leak Test". Are leaks present?
a. Yes; Go to step 22.
NOTICE: Prime fuel system prior to going to next step. Refer to section "Priming the Fuel System - KM63 GEN2 Two-Filter System"
b. No; repair as necessary. Refer to section "FIS Low Pressure Leak Test".
22. Cap the rail at all six injector feed connections using J-48704 injector rail caps and crank the engine for 10 seconds.
Does the ASL001 rail pressure reach AS098 desired rail pressure?
a. Yes; Go to step 23.
b. No; replace high pressure pump. Refer to section "Removal of the High Pressure Fuel Pump - Two-Filter
System".
23. With the injectors still capped after cranking engine for 10 seconds, does the rail pressure bleed down under 100 bar in
less than five minutes?
a. Yes; replace the high pressure fuel pump. Refer to section "Removal of the High Pressure Fuel Pump - TwoFilter System".
b. No; Go to step 24.
24. Using DL 8.03 or higher, navigate to Service Routines and Fuel System Integrity Check test and select Manual FSIC.
Road test the truck. Does the code set?
a. Yes; Go to step 25.
b. No; replace fuel filters and release unit to customer.

All information subject to change without notice.

02 13-16

Copyright © 2016 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

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2 SPN 157/FMI 16 - GHG17
25. Remove the MCM 120-pin connector. Inspect for damage including fuel, water corrosion or bent terminals. Is damage
found?
a. Yes; repair as needed.
b. No; Go to step 26.
26. Install a test MCM using the extension harness and test drive the truck. Does the code come active?
a. Yes; install original MCM. Go to step 27.
b. No; replace MCM and verify repair.
27. Inspect chassis fuel system for restrictions or debris. Refer to OEM procedures. Is there a chassis fuel system issue?
a. Yes; identify source of issue and repair as necessary.
b. No; replace fuel filters and release to customer.

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All information subject to change without notice.

Copyright © 2016 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION 02 13-16