Solution K68360438
Wednesday, March 11, 2020 3:20:15 PM CET

** SOLUTION **
Title

To Be Published Description and Function - Premium Tech Tool (PTT) Operation 258908-03-18 Exhaust Aftertreatment System Analysis

Mack Models
LR , TE - TerraPro , AN - Anthem , GR - Granite , PI - Pinnacle

Mack Model

Volvo Models
VN , VNL , VNR , VNX , VAH , VHD

Volvo Model

Emission Standard
Emission Standard

US17+OBD18

Engine family
Engine family

11L Engine , 13L Engine , MP7 , MP8

** SOLUTION **
Cause

Purpose: To have a series of routines in Premium Tech Tool (PTT) to effectively
evaluate and diagnose the NOx sensors, Urea (DEF) dosing system, and SCR efficiency.
The routine is also captured in a .csv file and can be downloaded from Product History
Viewer for later review if necessary. This document includes the list of Diagnostic
Trouble Codes (DTC) that, when following Guided Diagnostics (GD), will list this
operation as a step. This document will outline key details that the technician should be
aware of when performing the operation. Currently this operation is only available for 11
and 13 liter engines with:
• US17+OBD18 Emissions
• A Variable Geometry Turbo (VGT)
• Engine Control Module (EMS) Main Software (MSW) Part Number 23766686
and newer.
For these vehicle configurations, the NOx Conversion Test (operation 2549-08-03-03) is
replaced by this operation (2589-08-03-18 EATS Analysis). The NOx Conversion Test
will remain available for all other variants except US17 emissions turbo compound
engine configurations.

Soluti

Current operations in Premium Tech Tool typically allow for activation of actuators with the engine off/key

on

on or without control over other variables, and trying to record on-the-road data typically introduces too many
variables to make an effective diagnosis. The Exhaust Aftertreatment System Analysis attempts to resolve
many of these issues by testing engine and emissions components as a system with the engine running under
more controlled operating conditions and without the requirement of removing engine components. The
current operation consists of 4 subtests:
1. Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Injection (AHI) System

• Verifies that the AHI system is properly working to warm the exhaust system at various levels of fuel
dosing. Aids in clearing the SCR buffer.
2. NOx Sensors
• Checks NOx sensor readings during varying engine operating conditions.
3. Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Dosing System
• Verifies proper DEF flow, dosing valve operation, and pump function.
4. SCR efficiency
• Provides an objective evaluation of SCR efficiency under controlled, repeatable conditions.
Prior to these tests, there is a warm-up step to ensure proper exhaust/ aftertreatment temperatures and that the
NOx sensors are warmed up/enabled:
These routines can be run separately or in combination. By default, all of the subtests are enabled. Typical
time to run all 4 subtests is 25-45 minutes. The test time is dependent on many factors: engine/coolant
temperature and ambient temperature, for example.

Diagnostic Trouble Codes
The Guided Diagnostic (GD) trees for the DTCs below will be updated to reflect this operation.

Diagnosti
c Trouble

Description

Behavior

SCR NOx Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold

All subtests should be

Bank 1

performed

Code
P20EE-00

P103C-00

SCR NOx Catalyst Efficiency Inducement

All subtests should be
performed
All subtests should be

P0422-00

Catalyst 2 Efficiency Below Threshold Bank 1

performed

(DPF NMHC conversion efficiency)

(only when DTC is
confirmed)

All subtests should be

NOx Sensor Performance Signal Stuck High

P225E-00

performed

Bank 1 Sensor 2 (NOx outlet)

(only when DTC is
confirmed)

NOx Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1

P2201-64

Sensor 1 / Signal Plausibility Failure (NOx inlet)

P229F-64

subtest should be
performed
Only the NOx sensors

NOx Sensor Performance Signal Stuck High

P225C-00

Only the NOx sensors

subtest should be

Bank 1 Sensor 1 (NOx inlet)

performed

NOx Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1
Sensor 2 / Signal Plausibility Failure (NOx outlet)

Only the NOx sensors
subtest should be
performed

General Testing Conditions
The primary thresholds / enable and exit conditions are listed below:

Parameter

Value

Behavior

Between 11 °F and
Ambient Air Temperature

104 °F (12 °C an 40 °
C)

DPF Soot Level

Less than 69%

DEF Tank Level

Greater than 10%

Coolant Temperature

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
(DOC) Outlet
Temperature (T2)

Greater than 140 °F
(60 °C)

Vehicle will run in Heating EATS
phase until minimum temperature is
reached.

Greater than 734 °F
(390 °C)

SCR Average

Greater than 680 °F

Minimum temp must be maintained

Temperature (Calculated

(360 °C) for at least 2

for minimum time period for test to

Value)

minutes.

begin.

• When coolant and SCR average temp requirements are satisfied, and if NOx sensors have not come online,
the routine allows 4 minutes for NOx Inlet and 5 minutes for NOx outlet to come online before it will abort
test for NOx sensor quality (bad).
• Additionally, if the NOx sensors are the last to come online, there is a 60 second delay before it will enter
the NOx sensor evaluation.
• If the conditions are not met within 1800 seconds (30 minutes) the test will abort.
• EGR position is commanded to zero (full closed) for warmup and currently every phase of the operation.

NOTE: Test abort due to NOx Inlet or Outlet sensor quality bad is an unlikely scenario, however if
this exception occurs, it is advisable to re-run test 1 more time.

Tests and Operations
Heating EATS Phase (Warmup)
Heating EATS Phase Operation Details
The purpose of the warmup phase is to stabilize engine and exhaust temperatures, bring the NOx sensors
online, and clear the SCR buffer. During the Heating EATS phase (sometimes referred to as “warmup”) the
engine enters a state similar to regeneration and will vary engine speed between 1200 and 1250 rpm and
control the VGT position to reach the target range for engine exhaust temperature (measured by the T1
temperature sensor). This phase will occur during all of the selected sub tests. AHI dosing will occur whether
or not the AHI subtest is selected in order to meet target DOC outlet temperature (measured by the T2
temperature sensor) and SCR average temperatures and bring the NOx sensors online faster.

Operation failure during Heating EATS phase:

The screenshot below shows the current recommended actions for the scenario when criteria are met for the
Heating EATS phase, except NOx outlet sensor came online just after the timeout period.
The first recommended action in this scenario, specifically if the unit did not have NOx sensor DTCs, is
to rerun the test.

AHI Subtest
The AHI subtest has the advantage of adding more heat to the system and aids in clearing the SCR buffer
faster. When the AHI system subtest is selected, AHI dosing is added at 3 fixed dosing rates for 2 minutes at
each step. When the AHI subtest is selected and the Engine exhaust temperature (T1) reaches 527 °F (275 °C),
AHI dosing will begin.

Subtest conditions:
Condition

Value

Engine Exhaust Temperature (T1)

Minimum of 527 °F (275 °C)

AHI Subtest Failure
The following conditions will allow the AHI subtest to complete, but will show a “test failed” status for the
results:

DOC Outlet Temperature (T2) Threshold

Time Limit

T2 fails to reach 464 °F (240 °C)

First 2 minutes of dosing

T2 fails to reach 626 °F (330 °C)

Second 2 minutes of dosing

T2 fails to reach 734 °F (390 °C)

Third 2 minutes of dosing

The conditions below will cause the AHI Subtest to abort or fail:

Parameter

Condition

Effect

Engine, DOC, or DPF Outlet

Temperature exceeds 914 °F (490 °

Temperature (T1, T2, OR T3)

C)

Engine Exhaust Temperature

Temperature falls below 527 °F

Test result will

(T1)

(275 °C) after AHI dosing begins

show failed

Test aborts due
to overtemperature

If the AHI subtest fails as shown in the screenshot below, the first recommended action is to uncheck the
AHI system test and restart the test. This failure can result if the DOC Outlet Temperature (T2) does not reach
the specified minimum temperature for each of the subtest's 3 steps.

The “Not tested” response shown under the AHI Response section in the screenshot below is the result of
unchecking the AHI subtest.

NOx Sensor Subtest
The primary purpose for the NOx high and low phase evaluation is to verify the plausibility of the sensors at
two points in the measurement range where the readings should be within the manufacturers specified
accuracy with the SCR buffer cleared, the readings should be within the “allowable difference” tolerance and
the NOx level is not expected to exceed the Max/Min limits.
After conditions are satisfied for the warmup state, the routine enters the NOx sensor high and low evaluation
phases. This phase replaces the current NOx Conversion test.
IMPORTANT NOTE: In the rare case that there are enough crystals in the urea (DEF) injection pipe to
sublimate during the warmup, the Outlet NOx Value will read significantly lower than the Inlet NOx Value
during the last part of the Heating EATS phase, typically when the DPF outlet temperature (T3) is above
approximately 626 °F (330 °C). as T3 drops—which should occur during NOx sensor high and low
evaluations—NOx outlet may rise as less sublimation occurs. This could cause the routine to abort
immediately after the Heating EATS phase, or cause the NOx sensor evaluation to fail if this is suspected, a
crystal sublimation should remedy the problem.

Subtest conditions:

High Evaluation
Value
Condition
11 Liter Engine

13 Liter Engine

Engine Speed

1050 RPM

1100 RPM

VGT (Turbo) Position

10%

7%

Injection Timing