NHTSA ID Number: 10142388
Manufacturer Communication Number: sbw3510
TSB/Document Date: 2018-06-25
Summary
sbw3510 Axle Alignment Specifications
35-10
Axle Alignment Specifications
> Constellation
Heritage
> 4700 Models
> 4800 Models
> 4900 Models
> 5900 Models
> 6900 Models
Western Star
Service Bulletin
General Information
Western Star front and drive axle alignment specifications are consistent with Technology and Maintenance
Council (TMC) Recommended Practice 642B. When checking or adjusting axle alignment with Hunter or Bee
Line equipment, use the measurements given in this bulletin. For more information and manual procedures, reference Section 33.00 (front axle) and Section 35.00 (rear axle) in the Western Star Workshop Manual.
IMPORTANT: For vehicle alignment to be accurate, the shop floor must be level in every direction.
The turn plates for the front wheels must rotate freely without friction, and the alignment equipment
must be calibrated every three months by a qualified technician from the equipment manufacturer.
Western Star dealers must have proof of this calibration history.
IMPORTANT: Before starting axle alignment procedures on a vehicle equipped with an AirLiner® rear
suspension, check the ride height and make any necessary adjustments until it is within specification.
See Group 32 in the Western Star Workshop Manual.
NOTE: For optimum tire life, it is recommended that an all-axle alignment be done by a qualified service provider between 15,000 and 30,000 miles (24 140 and 48 280 km), but no later than 90 days
after a vehicle is put into service.
Rear Axle Alignment
Thrust ("from Perpendicular")
Ideally, each axle is perpendicular to the vehicle centerline. The "thrust" of an axle refers to its actual orientation
in relation to the centerline. See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Note that in some cases, this measurement may be referred
to as "from perpendicular". For target and limit measurements, see Table 1 and Table 2.
Western Star Service Bulletin, May 2013
Page 1
35-10
Axle Alignment Specifications
Western Star
Service Bulletin
> Constellation
Heritage
> 4700 Models
> 4800 Models
> 4900 Models
> 5900 Models
> 6900 Models
A
C
B
f350576
04/26/2013
A. Vehicle Centerline (line through the midpoints of the axles)
B. Axle Centerline
C. Thrust Angle
Fig. 1, Thrust Angle, Measured With Hunter Equipment
Method
Hunter*
Thrust, Measured with Hunter Equipment
Target: degrees
0.00
Limit: degrees
±0.18
* To use Hunter alignment equipment, refer to the applicable Hunter service literature.
Table 1, Thrust, Measured with Hunter Equipment
Page 2
Western Star Service Bulletin, May 2013
35-10
Axle Alignment Specifications
> Constellation
Heritage
> 4700 Models
> 4800 Models
> 4900 Models
> 5900 Models
> 6900 Models
Western Star
Service Bulletin
B
C
A
D
f350576a
04/26/2013
A.
B.
C.
D.
Vehicle centerline (line through the midpoints of the axles)
Axle Centerline
Reference Point, Bee Line Equipment
Thrust, Rear Drive Axle
Fig. 2, Thrust Measurement, Bee Line Equipment
Method
Bee Line
Thrust, Measured with Bee Line Equipment
Distance to Reference Point from Axle:
Target:
inches (mm)
inch (mm)
90–110 (2286–2794)
110–130 (2794–3302)
130–150 (3302–3810)
150–170 (3810–4318)
170–190 (4318–4826)
0.0 (0.0)
190–210 (4826–5334)
210–230 (5334–5842)
230–250 (5842–6350)
250–270 (6350–6858)
Limit ±:
inch (mm)
5/16 (8)
3/8 (10)
7/16 (11)
1/2 (13)
9/16 (14)
5/8 (16)
11/16 (17)
3/4 (19)
13/16 (21)
Table 2, Thrust, Measured with Bee Line Equipment
Western Star Service Bulletin, May 2013
Page 3
35-10
Axle Alignment Specifications
Western Star
Service Bulletin
> Constellation
Heritage
> 4700 Models
> 4800 Models
> 4900 Models
> 5900 Models
> 6900 Models
Scrub ("Parallelism")
Ideally, the two axles of a tandem are parallel to one another. The "scrub" (or parallelism) of the axles refers to
a deviation from parallel. See Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Scrub causes the axles to work against each other. For target
and limit measurements, see Table 3 and Table 5.
B
A
D
C
f350577
03/21/2013
A. Vehicle Centerline
B. Thrust Line, Forward Drive Axle
C. Thrust Line, Rear Drive Axle
D. Tandem Scrub Angle
Fig. 3, Tandem Scrub, Measured With Hunter Equipment
Method
Hunter
Tandem Axle Scrub, Measured with Hunter Equipment
Target
Maximum Tolerance
0.00 axle-to-axle difference.
±0.08 degree axle-to-axle difference; reference "D" in Fig. 3.
Table 3, Tandem Axle Scrub, Measured with Hunter Equipment
Page 4
Western Star Service Bulletin, May 2013
35-10
Axle Alignment Specifications
> Constellation
Heritage
> 4700 Models
> 4800 Models
> 4900 Models
> 5900 Models
> 6900 Models
A
Western Star
Service Bulletin
A
B
C
f350578
03/21/2013
NOTE: Tandem scrub can be measured by finding the difference in axle end-spacing between the two sides of a tandem
axle.
A. Axle Centerline
B. Axle End Spacing, LH
C. Axle End Spacing, RH
Fig. 4, Tandem Scrub, Measured With Bee Line Equipment
Method
Bee Line
Tandem Axle Scrub, Measured with Bee Line Equipment
Target
Maximum Tolerance
0.0 (0.0)
±1/8 inch difference in axle end-spacing; reference "C" minus "B" in Fig. 4.
Table 4, Tandem Axle Scrub, Measured with Bee Line Equipment
Western Star Service Bulletin, May 2013
Page 5
35-10
Axle Alignment Specifications
Western Star
Service Bulletin
> Constellation
Heritage
> 4700 Models
> 4800 Models
> 4900 Models
> 5900 Models
> 6900 Models
Lateral Offset
Ideally, the vehicle centerline crosses the midpoint of all axles. "Lateral offset" refers to a deviation in the distance from the centerline to the wheel. See Fig. 5. For target and limit measurements, see Table 5.
A
B
C
D
f350579
04/25/2013
For acceptable lateral offset, measurements B, C, and D must each be within ±1/4 inch (6 mm) of measurement A.
Fig. 5, Lateral Offset Measurements
Lateral Offset, Target and Limit
Target: inch (mm)
Limits: inch (mm)
0.0 (0.0)
±1/4 (±6)
Table 5, Lateral Offset, Target and Limit
Page 6
Western Star Service Bulletin, May 2013
35-10
Axle Alignment Specifications
> Constellation
Heritage
> 4700 Models
> 4800 Models
> 4900 Models
Western Star
Service Bulletin
> 5900 Models
> 6900 Models
Steer Axle Alignment
Toe-In
Wheel toe-in is the distance that the front of the wheels are closer together than the rear of the wheels as
viewed from above. See Fig. 6. For target and limit measurements, see Table 6 and Table 7.
A
B
f330082a
08/29/94
NOTE: B minus A equals toe-in.
Fig. 6, Wheel Toe-In (overhead view)
Toe-In, Measured with Hunter Equipment
Target: degrees
Limits: degrees
+0.09
0.00 to +0.18
Table 6, Toe-In, Measured with Hunter Equipment
Toe-In, Measured with Bee Line Equipment
Target: in (mm)
Limits: in (mm)
+1/16 (+1.6)
0 to +1/8* (0 to +3.2)
* If adjustment is required, set the toe-in as close as possible to +1/16 inch (+1.6 mm).
Table 7, Toe-In, Measured with Bee Line Equipment
Western Star Service Bulletin, May 2013
Page 7
35-10
Axle Alignment Specifications
Western Star
Service Bulletin
> Constellation
Heritage
> 4700 Models
> 4800 Models
> 4900 Models
> 5900 Models
> 6900 Models
Caster
Caster angle is the tilt of the knuckle pin (or kingpin) as viewed from the side. Caster angle is measured in degrees and is adjustable. A positive caster angle is the tilt of the top of the knuckle pin toward the rear of the
vehicle. A negative caster angle is the tilt of the top of the knuckle pin toward the front of the vehicle. Caster
angles are based on the design load of the vehicle. See Fig. 7. For target and limit measurements, see
Table 8.
1
A
B
C
08/27/2010
f330267
1. Knuckle Pin (King Pin)
A. Positive Caster
B. Zero Caster
C. Negative Caster
Fig. 7, Caster Angle
Caster Target and Limits
Target (All Models):
degrees
Limits, Hunter Equipment:
degrees
+3-1/2
+2 to +5
Limits, Bee Line Equipment
Except LC 4000:
LC 4000:
degrees
degrees
+3 to +6-1/2
+2-1/4 to +4-3/4
IMPORTANT: Caster settings for the left and right sides must be within 1/2 degree of each other. It is necessary for only
one side to be within the specifications given in this table.
Table 8, Caster Target and Limits
Warranty
This bulletin is informational only. Warranty does not apply.
Page 8
Western Star Service Bulletin, May 2013
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